Leetcode: Maximum Gap

Given an unsorted array, find the maximum difference between the successive elements in its sorted form.

Try to solve it in linear time/space.

Return 0 if the array contains less than 2 elements.

You may assume all elements in the array are non-negative integers and fit in the 32-bit signed integer range.

官方版(桶排序):

假设有N个元素A到B。

那么最大差值不会小于ceiling[(B - A) / (N - 1)]

令bucket(桶)的大小len = ceiling[(B - A) / (N - 1)]

对于数组中的任意整数K,很容易通过算式loc = (K - A) / len找出其桶的位置,然后维护每一个桶的最大值和最小值

由于同一个桶内的元素之间的差值至多为len - 1,因此最终答案不会从同一个桶中选择。

对于每一个非空的桶p,找出下一个非空的桶q,则q.min - p.max可能就是备选答案。返回所有这些可能值中的最大值。

这里A是min,B是max,桶有num.length - 1个。min, max不参与放入桶中,除了min和max之外还有N-2个数字和N-1个桶,所以一定有一个空桶。因为有空桶的存在所以要用一个previous变量来代表上一个非空的桶的max。previous初始化为min,这样min就考虑了虽然min不在桶中。还要记得考虑max,所以最后遍历了桶之后还要再比一次max

本算法O(n)时间和空间

还要注意math.floor,不能用,要用math.ceil比如:2/2.667 = 0.7499062617172854, 期望是:1,但是floor会给0,ceil才能给1.

 1 public class Solution {
 2     public int maximumGap(int[] num) {
 3         if (num == null || num.length < 2)
 4             return 0;
 5         // get the max and min value of the array
 6         int min = num[0];
 7         int max = num[0];
 8         for (int i:num) {
 9             min = Math.min(min, i);
10             max = Math.max(max, i);
11         }
12         // the minimum possibale gap, ceiling of the integer division
13         int gap = (int)Math.ceil((double)(max - min)/(num.length - 1));
14         int[] bucketsMIN = new int[num.length - 1]; // store the min value in that bucket
15         int[] bucketsMAX = new int[num.length - 1]; // store the max value in that bucket
16         Arrays.fill(bucketsMIN, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
17         Arrays.fill(bucketsMAX, Integer.MIN_VALUE);
18         // put numbers into buckets
19         for (int i:num) {
20             if (i == min || i == max)
21                 continue;
22             int idx = (i - min) / gap; // index of the right position in the buckets
23             bucketsMIN[idx] = Math.min(i, bucketsMIN[idx]);
24             bucketsMAX[idx] = Math.max(i, bucketsMAX[idx]);
25         }
26         // scan the buckets for the max gap
27         int maxGap = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
28         int previous = min;
29         for (int i = 0; i < num.length - 1; i++) {
30             if (bucketsMIN[i] == Integer.MAX_VALUE && bucketsMAX[i] == Integer.MIN_VALUE)
31                 // empty bucket
32                 continue;
33             // min value minus the previous value is the current gap
34             maxGap = Math.max(maxGap, bucketsMIN[i] - previous);
35             // update previous bucket value
36             previous = bucketsMAX[i];
37         }
38         maxGap = Math.max(maxGap, max - previous); // updata the final max value gap
39         return maxGap;
40     }
41 }
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/EdwardLiu/p/4250013.html