Leetcode: Substring with Concatenation of All Words

You are given a string, S, and a list of words, L, that are all of the same length. Find all starting indices of substring(s) in S that is a concatenation of each word in L exactly once and without any intervening characters.

For example, given:
S: "barfoothefoobarman"
L: ["foo", "bar"]

这道题想的时候颇费了一些周折,想过把L的所有concatenation组合出来,放到hash或map里,然后遍历S的时候直接看。但是这样如果L的size: Lsize过大的话,可能的组合有Lsize!种,组合数剧增,效率低下,所以不采用这种方法。

又考虑在S中从左向右一个word一个word遍历过去,一次只取L中一个word的大小,存入Hashmap,如果匹配到了L,则算找到了一种可能的concatenation;这样也有缺点,比如L为foo the kgm tim cog, S为bar foo tim cog kgm tim foo the, S遍历到第二个tim时出现不匹配,所以我的指针得跳到第一个tim的下一个,才能不漏掉所有的可能性。我要想跳到第一个tim得存下它的位置,这就要求hashmap的value为元素位置,这就导致我不好进行匹配,因为L若要存为一个hashmap,它的value我无法确定

所以参考网上有了第三种做法,先把L中的word存入一个Hashmap, 记录每个word的出现次数,然后在S中从左向右挨个遍历过去,每次取wsize * Lsize个字母分成Lsize份存入Hashmap中,每份大小为wsize, 然后比较这个Hashmap与L的Hashmap是否一致

 1 import java.util.*;
 2 
 3 public class Solution {
 4     public List<Integer> findSubstring(String S, String[] L) {
 5         ArrayList<Integer> result = new ArrayList<Integer>();
 6         if (S.length() == 0 || L.length == 0) return result;
 7         Hashtable<String, Integer> obj = new Hashtable<String, Integer>();
 8         Hashtable<String, Integer> real = new Hashtable<String, Integer>();
 9         int Lsize = L.length;
10         int wsize = L[0].length();
11         for (String a : L) {
12             if (obj.containsKey(a)) {
13                 int k = obj.get(a);
14                 obj.put(a, k+1);
15             }
16             else obj.put(a, 1);
17         }
18         
19         for (int i = 0; i <= S.length() - Lsize * wsize; i++) {
20             real.clear();
21             for (int j = 0; j <= Lsize - 1; j++) {
22                 String temp = S.substring(i + j * wsize, i + (j+1) * wsize);
           if (!obj.containsKey(temp)) break;
23 if (real.containsKey(temp)) { 24 int m = real.get(temp); 25 real.put(temp, m+1); 26 } 27 else real.put(temp, 1); 28 } 29 if (real.equals(obj)) { 30 result.add(i); 31 } 32 } 33 34 return result; 35 } 36 }

 另一个版本,也许更好懂一点

 1 public class Solution {
 2     public List<Integer> findSubstring(String S, String[] L) {
 3         ArrayList<Integer> res = new ArrayList<Integer>();
 4         HashMap<String, Integer> target = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
 5         HashMap<String, Integer> real = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
 6         for (String str : L) {
 7             if (target.containsKey(str)) {
 8                 int val = target.get(str);
 9                 target.put(str, val+1);
10             }
11             else {
12                 target.put(str, 1);
13             }
14         }
15         
16         int wSize = L[0].length();
17         int lSize = L.length;
18         for (int i=0; i<=S.length()-lSize*wSize; i++) {
19             for (int j=i; j<=i+lSize*wSize-1; j=j+wSize) {
20                 String temp = S.substring(j, j+wSize);
21                 if (!target.containsKey(temp)) break;
22                 if (real.containsKey(temp)) {
23                     int value = real.get(temp);
24                     real.put(temp, value+1);
25                 }
26                 else {
27                     real.put(temp, 1);
28                 }
29             }
30             if (real.equals(target)) {
31                 res.add(i);
32             }
33             real.clear();
34         }
35         return res;
36     }
37 }
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/EdwardLiu/p/3787810.html