Spring中Bean的作用域

以下内容引用自http://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/spring/bean-scopes.html

Bean的作用域(Scope)

当在Spring中定义一个Bean时,你必须声明该bean的作用域的选项。例如,为了强制Spring在每次需要时都产生一个新的bean实例,你应该声明bean的作用域的属性为prototype。同理,如果你想让Spring在每次需要时都返回同一个bean实例,你应该声明bean的作用域的属性为singleton。

Spring 框架支持以下五个作用域,如果你使用web-aware ApplicationContext时,其中三个是可用的。

作用域描述
singleton 该作用域将bean的定义的限制在每一个Spring IoC容器中的一个单一实例(默认)。每次返回同一个实例。
prototype 该作用域将单一bean的定义限制在任意数量的对象实例。每次都返回一个新的实例。
request 该作用域将bean的定义限制为HTTP请求。只在web-aware Spring ApplicationContext的上下文中有效。
session 该作用域将bean的定义限制为HTTP会话。 只在web-aware Spring ApplicationContext的上下文中有效。
global-session 该作用域将bean的定义限制为全局HTTP会话。只在web-aware Spring ApplicationContext的上下文中有效。

singleton作用域:

如果作用域设置为singleton,那么Spring IoC容器刚好创建一个由该bean定义的对象的实例。该单一实例将存储在这种单例bean的高速缓存中,以及针对该bean的所有后续的请求和引用都返回缓存对象。

默认作用域是始终是singleton,但是当仅仅需要bean的一个实例时,你可以在bean的配置文件中设置作用域的属性为singleton,如下所示:

<bean id="..." class="..." scope="singleton"></bean>

例子:

pom.xml:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.jsoft.testspring</groupId>
  <artifactId>testsingletonscope</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>testsingletonscope</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- Spring Core -->
    <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
     
    <!-- Spring Context -->
    <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    
  </dependencies>
</project>

HelloWorld.java:

package com.jsoft.testspring.testsingletonscope;

public class HelloWorld {
    private String messageString;
    
    public void setMessage(String message){
        this.messageString = message;
    }
    
    public String getMessage(){
        return this.messageString;
    }
}

beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
                        
    <bean id="helloWorld" class="com.jsoft.testspring.testsingletonscope.HelloWorld" scope="singleton">
    </bean>
   
</beans>

App.java:

package com.jsoft.testspring.testsingletonscope;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**
 * Hello world!
 *
 */
public class App 
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        HelloWorld helloWorld = (HelloWorld)applicationContext.getBean("helloWorld");
        helloWorld.setMessage("A");
        System.out.println(helloWorld.getMessage());
        HelloWorld helloWorld2 = (HelloWorld)applicationContext.getBean("helloWorld");
        System.out.println(helloWorld2.getMessage());
    }
}

运行结果:

prototype作用域:

如果作用域设置为prototype,那么每次特定的bean发出请求时Spring IoC容器就创建新的Bean对象实例。一般说来,满状态的bean使用prototype作用域和没有状态的bean使用singleton作用域。

例子:

pom.xml:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.jsoft.testspring</groupId>
  <artifactId>testprototypescope</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>testprototypescope</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- Spring Core -->
    <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
     
    <!-- Spring Context -->
    <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    
  </dependencies>
</project>

HelloWorld.java:

package com.jsoft.testspring.testprototypescope;

public class HelloWorld {
    private String messageString;
    
    public void setMessage(String message){
        this.messageString = message;
    }
    
    public String getMessage(){
        return this.messageString;
    }
}

beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
                        
    <bean id="helloWorld" class="com.jsoft.testspring.testprototypescope.HelloWorld" scope="prototype">
    </bean>
   
</beans>

App.java:

package com.jsoft.testspring.testprototypescope;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**
 * Hello world!
 *
 */
public class App 
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        HelloWorld helloWorld = (HelloWorld)applicationContext.getBean("helloWorld");
        helloWorld.setMessage("A");
        System.out.println(helloWorld.getMessage());
        HelloWorld helloWorld2 = (HelloWorld)applicationContext.getBean("helloWorld");
        System.out.println(helloWorld2.getMessage());
    }
}

运行结果:

测试工程:https://github.com/easonjim/5_java_example/tree/master/springtest/test4

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/EasonJim/p/6876445.html