学习笔记-Python基础16-多进程

线程替代方案:

  1、subprocess:

      线程替代方案,完全跳过线程,使用进程

      是派生进程的主要替代方案

      Python2.4后引入

  2、multiprocessiong

      使用threading接口派生,使用子进程

      允许为多核或者多cpu派生进程,接口跟threading非常相似

      Python2.6后引入

  3、concurrent.futures

      新的异步执行模块

      任务级别的操作

      Python3.2后引入

多进程:

  进程间通讯(InterProcessCommunication,IPC)

  进程之间无任何共享状态

# 进程的创建
# 1、直接生产Process实例对象,案例如下
import
multiprocessing from time import sleep, ctime def clock(interval): while True: print("The time is %s" % ctime()) sleep(interval) if __name__ == "__main__": p = multiprocessing.Process(target=clock, args=(5,)) p.start() while True: print("sleep...") sleep(1) ''' 输出打印如下: sleep... The time is Mon Oct 15 17:10:29 2018 sleep... sleep... sleep... sleep... sleep... The time is Mon Oct 15 17:10:34 2018 '''

# 2、派生子类,案例如下
import multiprocessing
from time import sleep, ctime

class ClockProcess(multiprocessing.Process):
'''
两个函数比较重要
1、init构造函数
2、run函数
'''
def __init__(self, interval):
super().__init__()
self.interval = interval
def run(self):
while True:
print("The time is %s" % ctime())
sleep(self.interval)
if __name__ == '__main__':
p = ClockProcess(5)
p.start()
while True:
print("sleep...")
sleep(1)
'''
输出打印如下:

  sleep...
  sleep...
  The time is Mon Oct 15 17:24:53 2018
  sleep...
  sleep...
  sleep...
  sleep...
  sleep...
  The time is Mon Oct 15 17:24:58 2018
  sleep...
  sleep...

'''

 

  进程id,在os模块查看pid、ppid以及它们的关系,案例如下:21.py

'''
生产者消费者模型:
    JoinableQueue允许使用者通知生产者,任务已经被处理成功task_done(),通着进程使用共享的信号和条件变量来实现
'''
# 1、JoinableQueue的使用,案例如下:
import multiprocessing
from time import ctime

# 消费者
def consumer(input_q):
    print("Into consumer:", ctime())
    while True:
        # 获取处理项
        item = input_q.get()
        # 下面替换为有用的工作
        print("pull", item, "out of q")
        # 下面表示发出信号通知任务完成
        input_q.task_done()
    print("Out of consumer:", ctime())
# 生产者
def producer(sequence, output_q):
    # 表明生产开始
    print("Into producer:", ctime())
    # sequence存放商品或任务
    for item in sequence:
        output_q.put(item)
        print("put", item, "into q")
    # 表明是生产结束
    print("Out of producer:", ctime())
if __name__ == '__main__':
    q = multiprocessing.JoinableQueue()
    # 运行消费者进程
    cons_p = multiprocessing.Process(target=consumer, args=(q,))
    # 守护进程
    cons_p.daemon = True
    cons_p.start()

    # 生产多个项,sequence代表想发给消费者的项序列
    # 在实践中,这可能是生成器的输出或通过一些其他方式生产出来
    sequence = [1, 2, 3, 4]
    producer(sequence, q)
    # 等待所有项被处理
    q.join()
'''
打印输出如下:
Into producer: Tue Oct 16 15:40:44 2018
put 1 into q
put 2 into q
put 3 into q
put 4 into q
Out of producer: Tue Oct 16 15:40:44 2018
Into consumer: Tue Oct 16 15:40:44 2018
pull 1 out of q
pull 2 out of q
pull 3 out of q
pull 4 out of q
'''
# 2、JoinableQueue队列里哨兵的使用,案例如下:
import multiprocessing
from time import ctime
# 消费者
def consumer(input_q):
print("Into consumer:", ctime())
while True:
item = input_q.get()
if item is None:
break
print("pull", item, "out of q")
print("Out of consumer:", ctime())
# 生产者
def producer(sequence, output_q):
# 表明生产开始
print("Into producer:", ctime())
# sequence存放商品或任务
for item in sequence:
output_q.put(item)
print("put", item, "into q")
# 表明是生产结束
print("Out of producer:", ctime())
if __name__ == '__main__':
q = multiprocessing.Queue()
# 运行消费者进程
cons_p = multiprocessing.Process(target=consumer, args=(q,))
cons_p.start()

# 生产多个项,sequence代表想发给消费者的项序列
# 在实践中,这可能是生成器的输出或通过一些其他方式生产出来
sequence = [1, 2, 3, 4]
producer(sequence, q)

q.put(None)
cons_p.join()
'''
输出打印如下:

  Into producer: Tue Oct 16 16:35:08 2018
  put 1 into q
  put 2 into q
  put 3 into q
  put 4 into q
  Out of producer: Tue Oct 16 16:35:08 2018
  Into consumer: Tue Oct 16 16:35:08 2018
  pull 1 out of q
  pull 2 out of q
  pull 3 out of q
  pull 4 out of q
  Out of consumer: Tue Oct 16 16:35:08 2018

  '''

# 3、多线程共享变量简单应用
# 讲解:遇到多进程调用时,假若第一个进程把队列里的哨兵取出来了,其他进程发现取不到哨兵了,就会一直耗着,以下是JoinableQueue队列里哨兵的改进,有几个进程用哨兵,队列里就放几个哨兵,案例如下:
import multiprocessing
from time import ctime

# 消费者
def consumer(input_q):
print("Into consumer:", ctime())
while True:
item = input_q.get()
if item is None:
break
print("pull", item, "out of q")
print("Out of consumer:", ctime())
# 生产者
def producer(sequence, output_q):
# 表明生产开始
print("Into producer:", ctime())
# sequence存放商品或任务
for item in sequence:
output_q.put(item)
print("put", item, "into q")
# 表明是生产结束
print("Out of producer:", ctime())
if __name__ == '__main__':
q = multiprocessing.Queue()
# 运行消费者进程
cons_p1 = multiprocessing.Process(target=consumer, args=(q,))
cons_p1.start()
cons_p2 = multiprocessing.Process(target=consumer, args=(q,))
cons_p2.start()

# 生产多个项,sequence代表想发给消费者的项序列
# 在实践中,这可能是生成器的输出或通过一些其他方式生产出来
sequence = [1, 2, 3, 4]
producer(sequence, q)

q.put(None)
q.put(None)
cons_p1.join()
cons_p2.join()
'''
输出打印如下:

  Into producer: Tue Oct 16 16:44:31 2018
  put 1 into q
  put 2 into q
  put 3 into q
  put 4 into q
  Out of producer: Tue Oct 16 16:44:31 2018
  Into consumer: Tue Oct 16 16:44:31 2018
  pull 1 out of q
  pull 2 out of q
  pull 3 out of q
  pull 4 out of q
  Out of consumer: Tue Oct 16 16:44:31 2018
  Into consumer: Tue Oct 16 16:44:32 2018
  Out of consumer: Tue Oct 16 16:44:32 2018

'''

    

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Cloudloong/p/9791942.html