一.计数排序

思想:前提待排序元素是位于0到k之间的正整数

用一个额外的数组(数组大小为k+1)记录计数数组元素

如果元素x的位置为m,那么比元素x小的个数为m-1,按照以上思想先算出元素的计数索引,然后根据索引值从原待排序的数组中取元素,每次取元素,则计数减1

http://www.cnblogs.com/sun/archive/2008/06/24/1228581.html

算法参考如上地址

/// <summary>
/// counting sort
/// </summary>
/// <param name="arrayA">input array</param>
/// <param name="arrange">the value arrange in input array</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static int[] CountingSort(int[] arrayA, int arrange)
{
    //array to store the sorted result, 
    //size is the same with input array.
    int[] arrayResult = new int[arrayA.Length];

    //array to store the direct value in sorting process
    //include index 0;
    //size is arrange+1;
    int[] arrayTemp = new int[arrange + 1];

    //clear up the temp array
    for (int i = 0; i <= arrange; i++)
    {
        arrayTemp[i] = 0;
    }

    //now temp array stores the count of value equal
    for (int j = 0; j < arrayA.Length; j++)
    {
        arrayTemp[arrayA[j]] += 1;
    }

    //now temp array stores the count of value lower and equal
    for (int k = 1; k <= arrange; k++)
    {
        arrayTemp[k] += arrayTemp[k - 1];
    }

    //output the value to result
    for (int m = arrayA.Length - 1; m >= 0; m--)
    {
        arrayResult[arrayTemp[arrayA[m]] - 1] = arrayA[m];
        arrayTemp[arrayA[m]] -= 1;
    }

    return arrayResult;
}

二.桶排序

参考http://www.cnblogs.com/sun/archive/2008/07/07/1237331.html

思路:前提待排序数组A[1...n]内的元素是随机分布在[0,1)区间内的的浮点数

将原数组元素进行分类(分成n个链表(即桶的概念))

然后将元素按取值不同分配到不同桶中

对每个桶的数据进行排序

然后对每个桶的数据重新按顺序收集合并即可

算法参考如下http://blog.csdn.net/pojianbing/archive/2010/07/07/5718285.aspx

/// <summary>
/// 桶排序
/// </summary>
/// <param name="arrayToSort">待排序的数组(该数组的元素在[0-1) )</param>
/// <returns>排序后的结果</returns>
public static double[] BucketSort(double[] arrayToSort)
{
    // 桶
    LinkedList<double>[] bucket = new LinkedList<double>[10];
    // 初始化桶
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        bucket[i] = new LinkedList<double>();
    }

    // 元素分装到各桶
    for (int i = 0; i < arrayToSort.Length; i++)
    {
        int bucketIndex = (int)(arrayToSort[i] * 10d);

        // 添加并进行插入排序
        InsertToLinkList(bucket[bucketIndex], arrayToSort[i]);
    }

    // 各桶排序
    int index = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        foreach (var item in bucket[i])
        {
            arrayToSort[index++] = item;
        }
    }

    return arrayToSort;
}

/// <summary>
///  按升序插入
/// </summary>
/// <param name="linkedList">要排序的链表</param>
/// <param name="num">要插入排序的数字</param>
private static void InsertToLinkList(LinkedList<double> linkedList, double num)
{
    if (linkedList.Count == 0)
    {
        linkedList.AddFirst(num);
        return;
    }

    for (int i = linkedList.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    {
        if (linkedList.ElementAt(i) <= num)
        {
            LinkedListNode<double> node = linkedList.FindLast(linkedList.ElementAt(i));
            linkedList.AddAfter(node, num);
        }
    }
}