[No000040]取得一个文本文件的编码方式

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;

/// <summary>   
/// 用于取得一个文本文件的编码方式(Encoding)。   
/// </summary>   
public class TxtFileEncoder
{
    public TxtFileEncoder()
    {
        //   
        // TODO: 在此处添加构造函数逻辑   
        //   
    }
    /// <summary>   
    /// 取得一个文本文件的编码方式。如果无法在文件头部找到有效的前导符,Encoding.Default将被返回。   
    /// </summary>   
    /// <param name="fileName">文件名。</param>   
    /// <returns></returns>   
    public static Encoding GetEncoding(string fileName)
    {
        return GetEncoding(fileName, Encoding.Default);
    }
    /// <summary>   
    /// 取得一个文本文件流的编码方式。   
    /// </summary>   
    /// <param name="stream">文本文件流。</param>   
    /// <returns></returns>   
    public static Encoding GetEncoding(FileStream stream)
    {
        return GetEncoding(stream, Encoding.Default);
    }
    /// <summary>   
    /// 取得一个文本文件的编码方式。   
    /// </summary>   
    /// <param name="fileName">文件名。</param>   
    /// <param name="defaultEncoding">默认编码方式。当该方法无法从文件的头部取得有效的前导符时,将返回该编码方式。</param>   
    /// <returns></returns>   
    public static Encoding GetEncoding(string fileName, Encoding defaultEncoding)
    {
        FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open);
        Encoding targetEncoding = GetEncoding(fs, defaultEncoding);
        fs.Close();
        return targetEncoding;
    }
    /// <summary>   
    /// 取得一个文本文件流的编码方式。   
    /// </summary>   
    /// <param name="stream">文本文件流。</param>   
    /// <param name="defaultEncoding">默认编码方式。当该方法无法从文件的头部取得有效的前导符时,将返回该编码方式。</param>   
    /// <returns></returns>   
    public static Encoding GetEncoding(FileStream stream, Encoding defaultEncoding)
    {
        Encoding targetEncoding = defaultEncoding;
        if (stream != null && stream.Length >= 2)
        {
            //保存文件流的前4个字节   
            byte byte1 = 0;
            byte byte2 = 0;
            byte byte3 = 0;
            byte byte4 = 0;
            //保存当前Seek位置   
            long origPos = stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
            stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);

            int nByte = stream.ReadByte();
            byte1 = Convert.ToByte(nByte);
            byte2 = Convert.ToByte(stream.ReadByte());
            if (stream.Length >= 3)
            {
                byte3 = Convert.ToByte(stream.ReadByte());
            }
            if (stream.Length >= 4)
            {
                byte4 = Convert.ToByte(stream.ReadByte());
            }
            //根据文件流的前4个字节判断Encoding   
            //Unicode {0xFF, 0xFE};   
            //BE-Unicode {0xFE, 0xFF};   
            //UTF8 = {0xEF, 0xBB, 0xBF};   
            if (byte1 == 0xFE && byte2 == 0xFF)//UnicodeBe   
            {
                targetEncoding = Encoding.BigEndianUnicode;
            }
            if (byte1 == 0xFF && byte2 == 0xFE && byte3 != 0xFF)//Unicode   
            {
                targetEncoding = Encoding.Unicode;
            }
            if (byte1 == 0xEF && byte2 == 0xBB && byte3 == 0xBF)//UTF8   
            {
                targetEncoding = Encoding.UTF8;
            }
            //恢复Seek位置         
            stream.Seek(origPos, SeekOrigin.Begin);
        }
        return targetEncoding;
    }



    // 新增加一个方法,解决了不带BOM的 UTF8 编码问题   
    /// <summary>   
    /// 通过给定的文件流,判断文件的编码类型   
    /// </summary>   
    /// <param name="fs">文件流</param>   
    /// <returns>文件的编码类型</returns>   
    public static System.Text.Encoding GetEncoding(Stream fs)
    {
        byte[] Unicode = new byte[] { 0xFF, 0xFE, 0x41 };
        byte[] UnicodeBIG = new byte[] { 0xFE, 0xFF, 0x00 };
        byte[] UTF8 = new byte[] { 0xEF, 0xBB, 0xBF }; //带BOM   
        Encoding reVal = Encoding.Default;

        BinaryReader r = new BinaryReader(fs, System.Text.Encoding.Default);
        byte[] ss = r.ReadBytes(4);
        if (ss[0] == 0xFE && ss[1] == 0xFF && ss[2] == 0x00)
        {
            reVal = Encoding.BigEndianUnicode;
        }
        else if (ss[0] == 0xFF && ss[1] == 0xFE && ss[2] == 0x41)
        {
            reVal = Encoding.Unicode;
        }
        else
        {
            if (ss[0] == 0xEF && ss[1] == 0xBB && ss[2] == 0xBF)
            {
                reVal = Encoding.UTF8;
            }
            else
            {
                int i;
                int.TryParse(fs.Length.ToString(), out i);
                ss = r.ReadBytes(i);

                if (IsUTF8Bytes(ss))
                    reVal = Encoding.UTF8;
            }
        }
        r.Close();
        return reVal;

    }

    /// <summary>   
    /// 判断是否是不带 BOM 的 UTF8 格式   
    /// </summary>   
    /// <param name="data"></param>   
    /// <returns></returns>   
    private static bool IsUTF8Bytes(byte[] data)
    {
        int charByteCounter = 1;  //计算当前正分析的字符应还有的字节数   
        byte curByte; //当前分析的字节.   
        for (int i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
        {
            curByte = data[i];
            if (charByteCounter == 1)
            {
                if (curByte >= 0x80)
                {
                    //判断当前   
                    while (((curByte <<= 1) & 0x80) != 0)
                    {
                        charByteCounter++;
                    }
                    //标记位首位若为非0 则至少以2个1开始 如:110XXXXX...........1111110X    
                    if (charByteCounter == 1 || charByteCounter > 6)
                    {
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }
            else
            {
                //若是UTF-8 此时第一位必须为1   
                if ((curByte & 0xC0) != 0x80)
                {
                    return false;
                }
                charByteCounter--;
            }
        }
        if (charByteCounter > 1)
        {
            throw new Exception("非预期的byte格式!");
        }
        return true;
    }
}
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Chary/p/No000040.html