《剑指offer》第四十三题(从1到n整数中1出现的次数)

// 面试题43:从1到n整数中1出现的次数
// 题目:输入一个整数n,求从1到n这n个整数的十进制表示中1出现的次数。例如
// 输入12,从1到12这些整数中包含1 的数字有1,10,11和12,1一共出现了5次。

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>

// ====================方法一====================
//逐个判断,时间复杂度为O(nlogn),不好
int NumberOf1(unsigned int n);

int NumberOf1Between1AndN_Solution1(unsigned int n)
{
    int number = 0;

    for (unsigned int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
        number += NumberOf1(i);

    return number;
}

int NumberOf1(unsigned int n)
{
    int number = 0;
    while (n)
    {
        if (n % 10 == 1)
            number++;

        n = n / 10;
    }

    return number;
}

// ====================方法二====================
int NumberOf1(const char* strN);
int PowerBase10(unsigned int n);

int NumberOf1Between1AndN_Solution2(int n)//把数字换成字符串,方便处理
{
    if (n <= 0)
        return 0;

    char strN[50];
    sprintf(strN, "%d", n);//格式化输出成字符串

    return NumberOf1(strN);
}

int NumberOf1(const char* strN)
{
    if (!strN || *strN < '0' || *strN > '9' || *strN == '')
        return 0;

    int first = *strN - '0';//第一位的最大值
    unsigned int length = static_cast<unsigned int>(strlen(strN));//强制转换符

    if (length == 1 && first == 0)//边界特殊情况
        return 0;

    if (length == 1 && first > 0)
        return 1;

    // 假设strN是"21345"
    //先计算第一种情况,第一位为1的个数
    // numFirstDigit是数字10000-19999的第一个位中1的数目
    int numFirstDigit = 0;
    if (first > 1)
        numFirstDigit = PowerBase10(length - 1);
    else if (first == 1)
        numFirstDigit = atoi(strN + 1) + 1;//若在1xx的情况,个数不到PowerBase10(length - 1),atoi是字符串转整数

    //第二种情况,非第一位为1的个数
    // numOtherDigits是01346-21345除了第一位之外的数位中1的数目
    int numOtherDigits = first * (length - 1) * PowerBase10(length - 2);//第一位可能性有first个,第二项表示选取除了第一位的任一位为1,剩下的有10种可能
    // numRecursive是1-1345中1的数目,使用迭代处理
    int numRecursive = NumberOf1(strN + 1);

    return numFirstDigit + numOtherDigits + numRecursive;
}

int PowerBase10(unsigned int n)//10的n次方
{
    int result = 1;
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        result *= 10;

    return result;
}

// ====================测试代码====================
void Test(const char* testName, int n, int expected)
{
    if (testName != nullptr)
        printf("%s begins: 
", testName);

    if (NumberOf1Between1AndN_Solution1(n) == expected)
        printf("Solution1 passed.
");
    else
        printf("Solution1 failed.
");

    if (NumberOf1Between1AndN_Solution2(n) == expected)
        printf("Solution2 passed.
");
    else
        printf("Solution2 failed.
");

    printf("
");
}

void Test()
{
    Test("Test1", 1, 1);
    Test("Test2", 5, 1);
    Test("Test3", 10, 2);
    Test("Test4", 55, 16);
    Test("Test5", 99, 20);
    Test("Test6", 10000, 4001);
    Test("Test7", 21345, 18821);
    Test("Test8", 0, 0);
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    Test();
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/CJT-blog/p/10522116.html