Docker——常用命令

  1. 常用命令

    docker version    # 显示docker的版本信息
docker info       # 显示docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令,中间的"命令"替换为某个具体的指令,比如"image"

  2. 帮助文档地址

  3. 镜像命令

    • docker images:查看所有本地的主机上的镜像

      [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              bf756fb1ae65        8 months ago        13.3kB

#解释:
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 	   镜像的标签
IMAGE ID   镜像的id
CREATED    镜像的创建事件
SIZE       镜像的大小

#  可选项
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker images --help

Usage:	docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

List images

Options:
  -a, --all             # 列出所有镜像
  -q, --quiet           # 只显示镜像的id
  
#列出所有镜像的id
docker images -aq

    • docker search:搜索镜像

      [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   9945                [OK]                
mariadb                           MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3638                [OK]                

Options:
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided

#只显示收藏数量在3000以上的
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME                DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
mysql               MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   9945                [OK]                
mariadb             MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3639                [OK]

      注:这里的内容从本质上说和在hub.docker上搜索的结果是一样的

    • docker pull:下载镜像

      #下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag](tag是版本号)
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest  默认是最新版的
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
bf5952930446: Pull complete  #分层下载,docker images核心 联合文件系统
8254623a9871: Pull complete 
938e3e06dac4: Pull complete 
ea28ebf28884: Pull complete 
f3cef38785c2: Pull complete 
894f9792565a: Pull complete 
1d8a57523420: Pull complete 
6c676912929f: Pull complete 
3cdd8ff735c9: Pull complete 
4c70cbe51682: Pull complete 
e21cf0cb4dc3: Pull complete 
28c36cd3abcc: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:6ded54eb1e5d048d8310321ba7b92587e9eadc83b519165b70bbe47e4046e76a
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest  真实地址

#由真实地址得出的两个等价命令
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest

#指定版本下载(版本可查看hub.docker.com)
docker mysql:5.7

      注:可以用的版本号应该来自

    • docker rmi:删除镜像

      #根据id删除镜像
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像id
#根据id删除多个镜像
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id
#删除所有镜像
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)

  4. 容器命令

    说明:要现有一个镜像才能创建容器,这里以一个centos镜像测试学习

    docker pull centos

    • docker run[可选参数] image:新建容器并启动

      #参数说明
--name="Name"     #给容器取名
-d                #以后台方式运行,类似于nohup
-it            	  #使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p                #指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
-p                #指定随机端口

#测试
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash #以bash的形式运行指令
[root@2dc2e3d5eb90 /]# ls  #由前缀可以看出已经进入了容器
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
[root@2dc2e3d5eb90 /]# exit  #退出容器的命令
exit

    • docker ps:查看正在运行的容器

      #参数说明
-a     #all,查看所有历史上运行过的容器
-n=?   #显示最近创建的n个容器
-q     #与docker images命令的附加-q参数相同,即只显示容器id

#测试:
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
2dc2e3d5eb90        centos              "/bin/bash"         4 minutes ago       Exited (0) 3 minutes ago                       inspiring_gagarin
5dcce85f2112        bf756fb1ae65        "/hello"            12 hours ago        Exited (0) 12 hours ago                        distracted_lederberg
5adf71025107        bf756fb1ae65        "/hello"            13 hours ago        Exited (0) 13 hours ago                        busy_mahavira

    • 退出容器

      exit           #停止容器并退出
ctrl + P + Q   #容器不停止退出

    • 删除容器

      docker rm 容器id                  #删除指定id的容器,且该容器必须为已经停止的容器
docker rm -f 容器id               #删除指定id的容器,且该容器可以为已经运行的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)    #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm  #删除所有的容器

      注:完全退出容器(如:使用exit命令)并不代表就是将这个容器删了,使用docker ps -aq命令还是可以查看到它们.想要真的删除还是要使用docker rm命令

    • 启动和停止容器的操作

      docker start 容器id    #启动容器
docker restart 容器id  #重启容器
docker stop 容器id     #停止当前正在运行的容器(让容器自己停止)
docker kill 容器id     #强制停止当前容器(还有外部手段强制容器停止)

  5. 常用其它命令

    • docker run -d 镜像名:后台启动容器

      注:启动完成后,运行docker ps,会发现根本搜寻不到,因为容器启动后必须要有执行的任务,否则docker发现没有应用,就会自动停止

    • docker log:查看日志

      docker logs -f -t --tail 日志条数 容器id    #查看日志

#测试
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 267946578eae
2020-09-10T01:52:34.002346246Z [root@267946578eae /]# exit
2020-09-10T01:52:34.002385790Z exit
2020-09-10T01:53:35.193824155Z [root@267946578eae /]# exit

    • docker top 容器id:查看容器中进程信息(该容器需要为运行状态)

      [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker start 267946578eae
267946578eae
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
267946578eae        centos              "/bin/bash"         28 minutes ago      Up 4 seconds                            zealous_hawking
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker top 267946578eae
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                6854                6836                0                   10:20               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash

    • docker inspect 容器id:查看元数据

      #测试
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker inspect 267946578eae
[
    {
        "Id": "267946578eaefdc9065879219c72b656f3cf874cb1bc99af005e115597310032", #id的全路径
        "Created": "2020-09-10T01:52:28.101148498Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",  #状态:正在运行
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 6854,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2020-09-10T02:20:30.117511469Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2020-09-10T01:53:35.203909156Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:0d120b6ccaa8c5e149176798b3501d4dd1885f961922497cd0abef155c869566",  #镜像来源
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/267946578eaefdc9065879219c72b656f3cf874cb1bc99af005e115597310032/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/267946578eaefdc9065879219c72b656f3cf874cb1bc99af005e115597310032/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/267946578eaefdc9065879219c72b656f3cf874cb1bc99af005e115597310032/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/267946578eaefdc9065879219c72b656f3cf874cb1bc99af005e115597310032/267946578eaefdc9065879219c72b656f3cf874cb1bc99af005e115597310032-json.log",
        "Name": "/zealous_hawking",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2cfa27ccb7989cc146409f7d5c11960fb676fda394d1d7ca32019d3b9d560a8a-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fe1013e525ea3b1dae1b9f612d861ff90165ff5dbb377e81ec4758166f07f00a/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2cfa27ccb7989cc146409f7d5c11960fb676fda394d1d7ca32019d3b9d560a8a/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2cfa27ccb7989cc146409f7d5c11960fb676fda394d1d7ca32019d3b9d560a8a/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2cfa27ccb7989cc146409f7d5c11960fb676fda394d1d7ca32019d3b9d560a8a/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "267946578eae",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200809",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "351a0522bad7713d555a0fda889b3c43396a4f9aa49a794c2947401227a83823",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/351a0522bad7",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "399a6f23e15b8c7c6d198d85b9b2ea02ab92950aff1f726a63555b588289128b",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "e33b6b9e8a86c82a5eeb03578b023317ed6aebed6d32dd8d04a5b138ffea5dfe",
                    "EndpointID": "399a6f23e15b8c7c6d198d85b9b2ea02ab92950aff1f726a63555b588289128b",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

    • 进入当前正在运行的容器

      #我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的,需要进入容器,修改一些配置

#方式1
docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash #以交互方式,通过bash/sh命令行进入

#测试
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
267946578eae        centos              "/bin/bash"         41 minutes ago      Up 13 minutes                           zealous_hawking
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker exec -it 267946578eae /bin/bash
[root@267946578eae /]# ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 02:20 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        14     0  0 02:34 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        27    14  0 02:34 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef

#方式二
docker attach 容器id  #与第一种方式的区别,是进入了一个新的命令行,而不是开启了一个新的窗口

#区别:
#docker exec:相当于打开了一个新的终端
#docker attach:进入容器正在执行的终端,且不会启动新的进程!!

    • 从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

      #将容器内的文件拷贝到主机
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的的主机路径

#test
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
267946578eae        centos              "/bin/bash"         59 minutes ago      Up 31 minutes                           zealous_hawking
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker attach 267946578eae
[root@267946578eae /]# ls
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
[root@267946578eae /]# pwd
/
[root@267946578eae /]# touch test.java  #在容器中创建文件
[root@267946578eae /]# ls
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  test.java  usr
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  tmp        var
[root@267946578eae /]# exit
exit
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# ls
aa.sh  file_clear.sh  for.sh  load_data.sh
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# pwd
/root
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# mkdir test  #创建test文件夹,用来存放copy过来的文件
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# ls
aa.sh  file_clear.sh  for.sh  load_data.sh  test
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z /]# docker cp 267946578eae:/test.java /root/test  #拷贝
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z /]# cd /root/test
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z test]# ls
test.java

#拷贝是一个手动过程,未来我们使用-v卷的技术,可以实现自动同步

  6. 联系图

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/Arno-vc/p/13649598.html