第1章 回顾昨天
1.1 linux如何让一个服务/脚本开机自启动?
chkconfig
/etc/rc.local
1.2 被chkconfig管理 需要什么条件
1.2.1 必须放在/etc/init.d/
1.2.2 这个脚本要有执行权限
1.2.3 加上chkconfig要求的内容
chkconfig: 2345 99 99
1.2.4 chkconfig --add 把脚本添加到开机自启动
1.2.5 检查
/etc/rc.local
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb ~]# ls -l /etc/rc3.d/ |grep rc.local
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 Aug 10 18:36 S99local -> ../rc.local
1.3 磁盘空间不足 no space left on device
1.3.1 block满了 500G 3*200G视频
df -h
du -sh /*
du -sh /* |grep G
1.3.2 block满了 文件没有被彻底删除 硬链接数为0,进程调用数不为零
1.3.2.1 检查:
lsof|grep delete
文件的删除原理(条件)
硬链接数为0
进程调用数为0
1.3.2.2 日志
/var/log/messages
/var/log/secure
rsyslog
access.log
1.3.3 inode满了
创建一个文件要占用一个inode和至少一个block
大量的小文件
1.3.4 检查
df -i
找出系统中比较大的目录(1M)
1.4 软硬链接区别
第2章 通配符
含义：方便我们查找文件 通配符是用来找文件名字
2.1 例子
2.1.1 /oldboy 以.sh结尾的 修改时间是7天之前的 大于100k 小于10M的文件
find /oldboy -type f -name "*.sh" -mtime +7 -size +100k -size -10M
通配符大家族常用的符号
所有 任何内容 任何符号 任何文字
2.1.2 准备环境
mkdir -p /oldboy/20170118
cd /oldboy/20170118
touch stu{00..10}.txt oldboy{00..10}.log
touch linux-oldboy{00..5}.txt
touch oldboy.txt stu.txt
2.1.2.1 找出 所有以stu开头的文件
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# ls -l stu*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 31 09:09 stu00.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 31 09:09 stu01.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 31 09:09 stu02.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 31 09:09 stu03.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 31 09:09 stu04.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 31 09:09 stu05.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 31 09:09 stu06.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 31 09:09 stu07.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 31 09:09 stu08.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 31 09:09 stu09.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 31 09:09 stu10.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 31 09:09 stu.txt
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# find -type f -name "stu*"
./stu07.txt
./stu00.txt
./stu02.txt
./stu01.txt
./stu.txt
./stu06.txt
./stu10.txt
./stu04.txt
./stu03.txt
./stu09.txt
./stu05.txt
./stu08.txt
ls -l stu*.*
以stu开头的 任意字符 小数点 任意字符
2.1.2.2 找出文件名中包含 oldboy 的文件
oldboy.txt
linux-oldboy.txt
ls -l *oldboy*
2.1.3 {} 生成序列 下蛋
{开始..结束}
{开始..结束..每次变化多少}
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# echo oldboy{a..e}.txt
oldboya.txt oldboyb.txt oldboyc.txt oldboyd.txt oldboye.txt
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]#
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# echo a c d f 1 2 9 100
a c d f 1 2 9 100
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# echo {a,c,d,f}
a c d f
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# echo {a ,c,d,f}
{a ,c,d,f}
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# echo {a..z}
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# echo {a..z} {A..Z}
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# seq 1 2 10
1
3
5
7
9
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# seq 10 -2 1
10
8
6
4
2
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# echo {a..z}
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# echo {1..10}
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# echo {1..10..2}
1 3 5 7 9
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# echo {10..1..2}
10 8 6 4 2
用来备份
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# echo A{B,C}
AB AC
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# echo A{,C}
A AC
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]#
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# echo oldboy.txt{,C}
oldboy.txt oldboy.txtC
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# echo oldboy.txt{,bak}
oldboy.txt oldboy.txtbak
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# echo oldboy.txt{,.bak}
oldboy.txt oldboy.txt.bak
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# #cp oldboy.txt{,.bak}
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# ls -l oldboy.txt*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 31 09:09 oldboy.txt
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# cp oldboy.txt{,.bak}
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# ls -l oldboy.txt*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 31 09:09 oldboy.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 31 09:38 oldboy.txt.bak
2.2 通配符
找出文件
大部分命令都支持
ls *.txt
touch {a..z}
mkdir {a..z}dir
3. * {}
2.2.1 特殊符号
2.2.1.1 重定向符号：
> 标准输出重定向 先把文件内容清空 然后向文件中放入内容
>> 标准追加重定向 然后向文件中放入内容
< 标准输入 xargs
<< 追加输入
cat >/oldboy/oldboy.txt <<EOF
oldboy
linux
oldboyedu.com
EOF
2.2.1.2 其他重要符号：
. 当前目录
linux下面隐藏文件
~/.bashrc
.. 当前目录的上一层目录
~ 当前用户的家目录
/root
/home/oldboy
/ 根目录 路径分隔符
../../..
/etc/hosts
取消别名
| 管道
!
1) vi/vim :wq! :q! 强制
2) find里面 awk里面表示 取反
3) 表示使用你用过的命令 使用历史命令
!ls ===== history |grep ls
# 注释
$ 取出变量里面的内容
&& 并且 前一个命令运行成功,然后再运行后面的命令
ifdown eth0 && ifup eth0
; 分开多条命令 在同一行里面放入多个命令
ls; pwd; hostname
2.2.1.3 特殊符号小结:
&&
>>
>
/
$
.
..
~
|
!
#
2.2.1.4 单引号 双引号 不加引号的区别
单引号 吃啥吐啥 所见即所得
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# echo '$LANG $(pwd) `hostname` {a..e}'
$LANG $(pwd) `hostname` {a..e}
双引号 把双引号里面的特殊符号进行解析
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# echo "$LANG $(pwd) `hostname` {a..e}"
en_US.UTF-8 /oldboy/20170118 oldboyedu-40-nb {a..e}
不加引号 和双引号类似 支持通配符
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb 20170118]# echo $LANG $(pwd) `hostname` {a..e}
en_US.UTF-8 /oldboy/20170118 oldboyedu-40-nb a b c d e
反引号 `` $() 先运行小括号里面的内容 把显示到屏幕上的内容留下
第3章 正则表达式
lidao.身份证
汤 610702199107053598
邹 371481199403259478
莫 52020319810613433X
韩 460106199111137270
荣 530124197504135438
荣 oldboy
荣 babygirl
荣 530124197504135438
阮 360702197902169951
翁 331002198504132813
任 621223198708245176
姜 370602198507189574
霍 320904198403048179
3.1 正则表达式
[0-9]
3.1.1 什么是正则
特殊符号表示文字 文本
^ 开头
[0-9] 数字
3.1.2 作用
提高效率 省事 懒
3.1.3 分类
基础正则表达式
^ $ ^$ . * .* [0-9] [^0-9]
扩展正则表达式
| () + {} ?
3.2 正则表达式与通配符区别?
3.2.1 通配符是用来找文件 名字 ls *.txt
3.2.2 正则表达式用来在文件中找文字(内容) 文本
3.3 中文符号预警准备
1.预警-中文符号
2.grep/egrep
cat >>/etc/profile<<EOF
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
EOF
source /etc/profile
3.4 环境准备-oldboy.txt
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# vim oldboy.txt
I am oldboy teacher!
I teach linux.
I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
our site is http://www.etiantian.org
my qq num is 49000448.
not 4900000448.
my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# cat -A oldboy.txt
I am oldboy teacher!$
I teach linux.$
$
I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!$
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com $
$
our site is http://www.etiantian.org $
$
my qq num is 49000448.$
$
not 4900000448.$
my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!$
3.5 基础正则表达式
3.5.1 ^oldboy 以oldboy开头的行 以......开头的行
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep "^m" oldboy.txt
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
my qq num is 49000448.
my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!
3.5.2 $ 以.....结尾的行
m$ 以m结尾的行
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# cat -A oldboy.txt
I am oldboy teacher!$
I teach linux.$
$
I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!$
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com$
$
our site is http://www.etiantian.org$
$
my qq num is 49000448.$
$
not 4900000448.$
my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!$
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep "m$" oldboy.txt
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
3.5.3 ^$ 空行 这一行里面什么符号都没有
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep "^$" oldboy.txt
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep -n "^$" oldboy.txt
3:
6:
8:
10:
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# cat -A oldboy.txt
I am oldboy teacher!$
I teach linux.$
$
I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!$
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com$
$
our site is http://www.etiantian.org$
$
my qq num is 49000448.$
$
not 4900000448.$
my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!$
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# cat -An oldboy.txt
1 I am oldboy teacher!$
2 I teach linux.$
3 $
4 I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!$
5 my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com$
6 $
7 our site is http://www.etiantian.org$
8 $
9 my qq num is 49000448.$
10 $
11 not 4900000448.$
12 my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!$
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]#
排除文件中的空行
3.5.4 .(点) 任意一个字符
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep "." oldboy.txt
I am oldboy teacher!
I teach linux.
I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
our site is http://www.etiantian.org
my qq num is 49000448.
not 4900000448.
my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# #grep到底如何找的文字---花儿为什么这样红
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep -o "." oldboy.txt
I
a
省略......
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep "oldb.y" oldboy.txt
I am oldboy teacher!
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep -o "oldb.y" oldboy.txt
oldboy
oldboy
oldbey
grep/egrep -o 显示grep每一次找到什么东西 grep命令执行过程
3.5.5 撬棍 转义字符 脱掉马甲打回原形
找出文件中以小数点(.) 结尾的行
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep ".$" oldboy.txt
I teach linux.
my qq num is 49000448.
not 4900000448.
3.5.6 前一个文本连续出现了0次或1次以上 >=0
00000
00000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
连续出现了0次就是 没出现
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep "0*" oldboy.txt
I am oldboy teacher!
I teach linux.
I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
our site is http://www.etiantian.org
my qq num is 49000448.
not 4900000448.
my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep -o "0*" oldboy.txt
000
00000
贪婪性---能有多 我吃多少
3.5.7 .* 所有内容 包括空行
贪婪性---能有多 我吃多少
正则表达式表示.*(所有) 连续出现的时候 贪婪性
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep "^.*o" oldboy.txt
I am oldboy teacher!
I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
our site is http://www.etiantian.org
not 4900000448.
my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!
3.5.8 [abc] 筐 表示一个整体 相当于是一个字符 a或b或c
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep "[abc]" oldboy.txt
I am oldboy teacher!
I teach linux.
I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
our site is http://www.etiantian.org
my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep -o "[abc]" oldboy.txt
a
b
a
c
省略
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]#
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep "[abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz]" oldboy.txt
I am oldboy teacher!
I teach linux.
I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
our site is http://www.etiantian.org
my qq num is 49000448.
not 4900000448.
my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep "[a-z]" oldboy.txt
I am oldboy teacher!
I teach linux.
I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
our site is http://www.etiantian.org
my qq num is 49000448.
not 4900000448.
my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep "[A-Z]" oldboy.txt
I am oldboy teacher!
I teach linux.
I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!
my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep "[0-9]" oldboy.txt
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
my qq num is 49000448.
not 4900000448.
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep "[a-zA-Z]" oldboy.txt
I am oldboy teacher!
I teach linux.
I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
our site is http://www.etiantian.org
my qq num is 49000448.
not 4900000448.
my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!
3.5.9 练习
3.5.9.1 练习1:以大写字母开头的行
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# #练习1:以大写字母开头的行
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep "A-Z" oldboy.txt
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep "[A-Z]" oldboy.txt
I am oldboy teacher!
I teach linux.
I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!
my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep "^[A-Z]" oldboy.txt
I am oldboy teacher!
I teach linux.
I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!
3.5.9.2 练习2:以小写字母结尾的行
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# #练习2:以小写字母结尾的行
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep "[a-z]$" oldboy.txt
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
our site is http://www.etiantian.org
3.5.9.3 练习3:以 m或n或o开头的 并且以 m或g 结尾的行
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# ##第一个里程碑-取出m n o 开头的行
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep "[mno]" oldboy.txt
I am oldboy teacher!
I teach linux.
I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
our site is http://www.etiantian.org
my qq num is 49000448.
not 4900000448.
my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep "^[mno]" oldboy.txt
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
our site is http://www.etiantian.org
my qq num is 49000448.
not 4900000448.
my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]#
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# ##第二个里程碑-mg 结尾
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep "[mg]$" oldboy.txt
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
our site is http://www.etiantian.org
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]#
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# ##第三个里程碑-合并
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep "^[mno][mg]$" oldboy.txt
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep "^[mno].*[mg]$" oldboy.txt
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
our site is http://www.etiantian.org
3.5.10 [^abc] 筐 表示一个整体 排除a或排除b或排除c
[abc] 三选一 想要任何一个
[root@oldboyedu-40-nb oldboy]# grep "[^abc]" oldboy.txt
I am oldboy teacher!
I teach linux.
I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
our site is http://www.etiantian.org
my qq num is 49000448.
not 4900000448.
my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!
######grep -v 排除 [^abc]
grep -v 排除行
[^abc] 字符 文字
第4章 今天小结：
特殊符号-通配符-基础正则表达式
1.
特殊符号小结:
&& >> > /$... ~ | ! #
2.通配符* {}
3.正则
1)按照一行
2)^ $ ^$ .* []
如何排除文件中的空行和包含#的行
第5章 预习:
扩展正则表达式
取出网卡ip地址
ifconfig eth0