《英语语法新思维初级教程》学习笔记(二)名词

  参考资料:

  1. 《英语语法新思维初级教程》

  

   知识点

  ▼ 名词是用来表示人、事物、地点以及抽象事物的名称。

  ▼ 名词通常分为两大类:专有名词(proper noun)和普通名词(common noun)

  ▼ 专有名词表示特定的人、物、机构或场所等的名词(首字母须大写)。如:Paris,the United States和Bill Gates等。

  ▼ 普通名词又分为:可数名词(countable noun)和不可数名词(uncountable noun)两类。

  ▼ 可数名词 = 个体名词 + 集体名词可数名词表示同类的人或物中的个体。如:student,tree,hospital,house和piano等。集体名词表示若干人或物的总称。如:team,committee,police,group和family等。

  ▼ 不可数名词 = 物质名词 + 抽象名词物质名词表示物质和材料的总称。如:paper,water,cotton和air等。抽象名词表示动作、性质、状态或情感等抽象概念的名称。如:birth,happiness,evolution,technology,management,imagination,hope和sport等。抽象

  ▼ 名词的可数性重在意义而不是形式。具体情况:1. 对于物质名词或总称名词,若表示不同的种类,或特定意思,或液体表示“几杯”或“几瓶“这样的数量时。2. 抽象名词具体化。

I bought a paper.
The waters of the East Sea.
Two beers and three coffees, please!
She had great beauty in her youth.
She was a beauty in her youth.
I pronounce this couple to be husband and wife. You may kiss.
There's no seat now. There's standing room only,
We are not boyfriend and girlfriend.
The square covers an area of 20,000 square meters.
Shanghai is the largest city in are in China, but Beijing is the largest city in population.

  ▼ 常见不可数名词的度量如下:

a piece of music.
a piece of equipment.
a piece of baggage/luggage.
a piece of jewelry.
a piece of chalk.

a tube of toothpaste.
a slice of meat.

  

  ▼ 's所有格的逻辑语义关系:1. 表示所属关系,即指某人所拥有的人或物。2. 主谓关系。3.动宾关系。4. 同位关系。5. 表时间或距离。6. 表示重量或价值的度量。7. 表示国家、城市、国际组织或地理位置等。8. 用于交通工具及其部件的所属关系。

1. teacher's book.

2. How will Bhutto's death affect the world?

3. Bhutto's assassination rocks Pakistan.

4. For Washington, Bhutto's loss is incalculable.

5. a month's salary.

6. ten dollars' worth of meat.

7. the moon's shadow.

8. the car's engine.

  ▼ of所有格的使用情况:1. 表示无生命物体的名词的所有关系。2. 当有生命的名词后面接短语或从句修饰事,也用of属格。

the name of the song.
the title of the book.
the leg of the table.

What is the name of boy sitting next to her?
The mother of the boy in a red suit is president of our company.
I took the advice of an old man I met during a journey and decided to make something of myself.

  

  ▼ of所有格的逻辑语义关系:1. 主谓关系。2. 动宾关系。3. 同位关系。

1. the arrival of my mother.

2. a statement of the facts.

3. the city of Rome.

  

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/AmitX-moten/p/4852543.html