rman全备份异机恢复

一、测试环境

[oracle@localhost ~]$ uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue May 10 15:42:40 EDT 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun Feb 8 18:14:09 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@localhost ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Feb 8 18:14:36 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1380300748)

RMAN>

二、具体步骤

1.创建备份集

RMAN>backup as compressed backupset databse plus archivelog;

2.创建环境，(dbname保持一致)

3.将备份拷贝新环境可以访问的路径

4.启动RMAN,还原spfile 到pfile中。

（利用rman的dummy数据库名，启动到nomount状态）
RMAN> restore spfile to pfile '/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initORCL.ora' from '/u01/app/testRMAN/autobackup/2015_02_08/o1_mf_s_871152044_bfgh9f42_.bkp';

5.修改pfile中相关文件的路径

6.关闭数据库

7.利用该pfile重新启动数据库到nomount状态

8.restore控制文件

RMAN>restore controlfile from '/u01/app/testRMAN/autobackup/2015_02_08/o1_mf_s_871152044_bfgh9f42_.bkp';

9.修改数据库到mount状态

RMAN>alter database mount;

10.至此就可以读出数据文件的具体位置

 (1) 查看数据文件及编号
    $ sqlplus / as sysdba;
    select file#,name from v$datafile;
    
    (2) 查看联机日志文件
    select member from v$logfile;
    
    (3) 查看临时文件
    SQL> select name from v$tempfile
    
    (4) 查看备份集的位置
    RMAN>list backup;

11.这样的话就有两个选择

a.根据现有控制文件中的路径，在新的数据环境下创建相关目录，将备份集拷贝到对应目录，还原数据库。
b.重新注册备份集，修改控制文件中各个数据文件的名称，还原数据库。
在此演示第二种情况：
    (1).恢复了控制文件之后将备份集注册到控制文件
    RMAN>catalog start with '/u01/app/testRMAN/';
    (2)恢复数据文件
    RMAN> RUN { 
    SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 1 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf'; 
    SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 2 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs1.dbf'; 
    SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 3 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf'; 
    SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 4 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'; 
    SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 5 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs2.dbf'; 
    RESTORE DATABASE; 
    SWITCH DATAFILE ALL; 
    };
    
    (3)修改联机日志文件的路径
    # su - oracle
    $ sqlplus / as sysdba;
    SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/redo101.log' to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo101.log'
    
    (4)尽量恢复数据
    recover database until cancel;
　　注：如果数据库仍然出现SCN不一致的情况，在参数文件中添加隐含参数_allow_resetlogs_corruption=true启动数据库，这时候可以expdp出需要的数据。