1. specialty /sp'eʃəlti/ @ (N-count) someone's specialty is a particular type of work that you do most, or a subject that they know a lot about 许多人的specialty 是一项你做的最多的特别类型的工作，或者他们知道许多的项目；
@ (N-count) A specialty of a particular place is a special food or product that is always very good there；一个特殊地方的specialty是一种特别的食物或者那儿的产品一直不错；
2. professional /,prəf'eʃənə/ @ adj. professional means relating to a person's work, especially work that requires special training. Professional意思是相对于一个人的工作，特别是需要特殊培训的工作；
His professional career sdtarted at Liverpool University. 他的职业生涯在 Liverpool大学开始；
3. confirm /kənfʒ:'m/ (confirms, confirming,confirmed)
[VERB] (NOT-COUNT) If something confirms what you believe, suspect, or fear, that it is definitely true. 如果 一些事情confirm, 你相信、怀疑、害怕的事情，他们被定义为真理。
4. rely /ri'lai/ v. @ If you rely on someone or something, you need them and depend on them in order to live or work property. 如果，你rely某人或某事，你需要他们，并且依赖他们，为了生存或者工作性质。
5. era /'iərə/ n. 年代；纪元；
6.silicon /s'ilikən/ n. silicon is an element that is found in sand and in minerals such as quartz and granite. Silicon is used to make parts of computers and other electronic equipment.
Silicon 是一种元素，被在沙子和矿物质中发现，例如，在石英和granite. Silicon 被用来作计算机的部分材料， 或者其它电子设备。
7. Parallel /p'ærəlel/ If something has a parallel, it is similar to something else, but exists or happens in a different place or at a different time. 如果一些事情拥有Parallel， 和其它事情相似，但是存在或发生，在不同的地方和不同的时间。
If it has no parallels or is without parallel, it is not similar to anything else. 如果不存在Parallels或者没有Parallel， 与其它任何事情不相似。
8. vision / v'iʒən/ @ your vision of a future situation or society is what you imagine or hope it would be like, if things were very different from the way they are now.
关于将来的形势或者社会你的Vision， 是你想像的是什么或者希望它是什么，可能事情是非常不同于现在它们 的方式。
9. audience /‘ɔ:diəns/ @ the audience at a play, concert, film, or public meeting is the group of people watching or listening to it.
在戏剧院、会议室、电影、或者公众会议里的audience， 是一组观看或者聆听的人。
10. quantitative /kw'ɔntitətiv/ @ adj. quantitative means relating to different sizes or amounts of thing. quantitative 意思是相对不同尺寸或者数量的事情。
11. trade-off // (n-count) A trade-off is a situation where you make a compromise between two things, or where you exchange all part of one thing for another.
Trade-off 是一种形势， 在哪里你在两件事情之间给予承诺，或者，在哪儿，你交换了一件事情的所有或者一部分为了另一件事情。
12. dramatic /drəm'ætik/ @ A dramatic change or event happens suddenly and is very noticeable and suprising.
一次 dramatic 的改变， 或者， 突然发生的事情，并且是非常引人注目的或者惊讶的。
13. subset /s'ʌbset/ n. A subset of a group of things is a small number of things that together within that group.
一组事情的subset 是在组织内部一件数目极小的事情。
14. revise /riv'aiz/ (revises, revising, revised) @
If you revise the way you think about something, you adjust you throughts, usually in order to make them better or more suited to how thing are.
如果你 revise 你思考某些事情的方式，你调整你的思想，通常，目的是为了他们更好，或者对于事情怎么样了更合适。
He soon came to revise his opinion of the profession. 不久， 他就修改了他的专业性意见。
@ (verb) v.n If you revise a price, amount, or estimate, you change it to make it more fair, realistic, or accurate.
如果，你更改了价格、数量、或者估值，你改变它，使它更合理、现实或者精确。
They realised that some of their prices were higher than their competitors' and revised price accordingly.
他们意识到， 他们价格中的一些是比较高的，比起他们的竞争对手， 因此根据此， 修订价格。
@ [verb] When you revise an article, a book, a law, or a piece of music, you change it in order to improve it, make it more modern, or make it more suitable for a particular purpose.
当你 revise 一篇文章， 一本书，一段音乐， 你更改它，目的在于提高它，使它更现代，或者使它更合适对于一种特殊的目的。
There editors handled the work of revising the articles for publication...
三个编缉处理revising 的出版文章的工作
The staff should work together to revise the school curriculum.
员工应该共同努力，对于修订学校课程大纲。
15. Overlap (overlaps, overlapped, overlapping) The verb is pronounced //; The noun is pronounced //;
@ [v-recip] v+n; If one thing overlaps another, or if you overlap them, a part of thing occupies the same area as a part of other thing, you can say that two things overlap，
如果某件事情overlops另一件事情， 这件事情的一部分占领了其它事情的同样区域，你可以说两件事情overlap.
When the bag is folded flat, the bag bottom overlaps one side of the bag.
当袋子被水平折叠时，袋子的底部重叠在另一侧。
Overlap the slices carefully so there are no gaps.
仔细重叠片，以致于没有间隙。
@ [V-Recip] If one idea or activity overlaps another, or overlaps with another, they involve some of the same subjects, people, or period of time.
如果一种思想或者活动 overlaps 另一个， 或者 overlaps两者之间，他们涉及一些相同的科目、人员，或者时间间隔。
16. region // @ (n-count) A region is a large area of land that is different from other areas of land,
for example because it is one of the different parts of a country with its own customs and characteristics, or because it has a particular geographical feature.
Region 是一个巨大的土地面积，它不同于其它土地面积，例如，因为它是一个国家不同的部分，它拥有自习风俗习惯和文化特色，或者因为它有一个特别的地理特点。
17, adjustment (adjustments)@ [N-count ] oft N to n
An adjustment is an change in a person's behaviour or thinking.
Adjustment 是一个改变 在一个人的行为和思想。
He will have to make major adjustments to his thinking if he is to survive in office.
如果他想在办公室里生存下去，他将不得重新调整他的思想。
18. cluster /kl'ʌstər/ (clusters, clustering, clustered)@ (n-count) oft N OF N
A cluster of people or things is a small group of them close together.
一cluster 人或事情是它们中紧密联系的一小部分。
There is not two here, just a cluster of shops , cabins, and hotels at the side of highway.
这儿有两个，仅仅是一小簇的店铺、船舱、还有酒店在公路一边。
@ [verb] v together, v around/ round n. If people cluster together, they gather together in a small group. 如果人们cluster一起，他们聚集在一起成为一个小组。
The passengers clustered together in small groups.
The children clustered around me.
19. curriculum /kər'ikjuləm/ (curriculums or curricular /kər'kjulə/)
1. [N-Count] A curriculum is all the different courses of study that are taught in school, college, or university. Curriculum 是所有不同的学习课程，在学院、大学被教授的课程。
Russian is the one compulsory foreign language on the school curriculum.
2.[N-count] usu n N A particular curriculum is one particular course of study that is taught in a school, college, or university.
20. margin /m'a:rdʒin/
1. [N-count] with supp,
A margin is the difference between two amounts,
especially the difference in the number of votes or points between the winner and the loser in an election or other contest.
The Sunday Times remains the brand leaders by a huger margin.
2.[N-count] The margin of a written or printed page is the empty space at the side of the page.
She added her comments in the margin.
3.[N-Var] with supp If there is a margin for something in a situation, there is some freedom to choose what to do or decide how to do it.
The money is collected in a straight forward way with little margin for error...
4.[N-count] with supp The margin of a place or area is the extreme edge of it.
The low coastal plain along the western marg.
5.[N-plural] with supp To be on the margins of a society, group, or activity means to be among the least important parts of it.
Students have played an important role in the past, but for the moment, they are on the margins.
21. viable // adj. a viable plan or system can work successfully (计划或系统)切实可行的；a viable proposition /alternative / method etc.
Nuclear enery is only one viable alternative to coal or gas. 核能是煤或燃气惟一可行的替代物。
economically / commercially viable The project is not economically viable. 这个项目从经济利益上看是不可行的。
technical able to continue to live or to develop into a living thing (术语)能存活的；能生长的；发育的；
22. path /pæθ; pa:θ/ n. plural /pæðz/ = track 小径 A track that people walk along over area of ground.(人走的)小径、小道；
I walked nervously up the path towards the front door. 我提心吊胆地沿着小道向前走
23. no matter how / where / what etc. used to say that something is always the same whatever happens, or in spite of someone's efforts to change it. 不管怎样/哪里/什么；
24. motivate /'məutiəveit/ v. to make someone want to achieve something and make them willing to work hard in order to do it 激发；激励；促动；
A good teacher has to be able to motivate her students. 好教师必须激发学生极积学习。
motivate sb. to do sth. The proft-sharing plan is designed to motivate the staff to work hard. 利润分红计划是为了激励员工努力工作。
25. -fold /-fəuld/ -fold combines with numbers to form adverbs which say how much an amount has increased by,
-fold和数字结合，以致于形成副词，就是说那个数字被增加了几次。
For example, if an amount has increases fourfold, it is four times than it was originally.
例如，如果一个数字增加fourfold, 它比起初增加了四倍。
26. boost /b'u:st/ (boosts, boosting, boosted)
1.[verb] v n, v n, If one thing boosts another, it causes it to increase, improve, or be more successful.
如果一件事情boosts 另一件事情， 它引起另一件事情增加、提高、或者更成功。
It wants the government to take action to boost the economy...
它想要政府去采取行动去促进经济。
The move is designed to boost sales during the peak booking months of January and Februry.
此举旨在提高在一月和二月的预订高峰月的销售量。
[N-count] usu sing boost is also noun.
It would get the economy going and give us the boost that we need.
2. [verb] v n. If something boosts your confidence or morale, it improves it.
We need a big win to boost our confidence...=bolster
[N-count] usu sing, boost is also a noun.
It did give me a boost to win such a big event.
27. matrix /m'eitriks/ (matrices)
1. [N-count] with supp A matrix is the environment or context in which something such as a society develops and grows (Formal)...
the matrix of their culture.
2.[N-count] In mathematics, a matrix is an arrangement of numbers, symbols, or letters in rows and columns which is used in solving mathematical problems.
28. multiply // (multiplies, multiplying,multiplied)
1.[Verb] v, vn, When something multiplies or when you multiple it, it increases greatly in number or amount.
Such disputes multiplied in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Her husband multiplied his demands on her time
2. [verb] v. When animals and insects multiply, they increase in number by giving birth to large numbers of young.
These creatures can multiply quickly.
3. [verb] v n by n, v pl-n
If you multiply one number by another, you add the first number to itself as many times as is indicated by the second number.
For example, 2 multiplied by 3 is equal to 6.
What do you get if you multiply six by nine?
The remakable ability to multiply hunge numbers correctly without pen or paper.
29. parallelism // [N-uncount] When there is parallelism between two things, there are similarities between them (Formal)
The last thing we should do is make any parallelism between the murderes and their victims.
29. concrete // (concretes, concreting, concrected)
1. [N-uncount] oft N n Concret is a substance used for building which is made by mixing together cement, sand, small stones, and water.
Concret是一种用于建筑物的物质，是由水泥、沙子、小石头和水混合在一起制成。
The posts have to be set in concrete....
They had lain on sleeping bags on the concrete floor...
他们躺在睡袋里，就在水泥地上。
2.[adj] v n; adj n
You use concrete to indicate that something is definite and specific.
He had no concrete evidence.
3. [verb] When you contrete something such as a path, you cover it with concrete.
He merely cleared and concreted the floors.
4.[adj] usu, adj n
A concrete object is a real, physical object.
Using concrete objects to teach addition and subtraction.
5. [adj] adj +n
A concrete noun is a noun that refers to a physical object rather than to a quality or idea,
30. sub-word 词根；
30. citation /sait'ei / 1. [n-count] A citation is an official document or speech which praises a person for something brace or special that they have done.
His citation says he showed outstanding and exemplary courage.
2.[n-count] A citation from a book or other piece of writing is a passage or pharse from it (Formal) = quotation.
3. [n-count] A citation is the same as a summons (AM).
The count could issue a citation and fine Ms. Robbins.
31. gut /g /
2.