第一个爬虫和测试

一.排球测试

# 比赛规则：
# 1. 采用5局3胜制
# 2. 前四局采用25分制，每个队只有在赢得至少25分，且同时超过对方2分时才胜一局
# 3. 决胜局(第五局)采用15分制，先获得15分，且同时超过对方2分为胜

from random import random
def printInfo():
    '''
    打印程序的功能信息
    '''
    print("		这个程序模拟2个队伍A和B的排球竞技比赛！")
    print("	 程序运行需要队伍A和B的能力值(0到1之间的小数表示)")

def getInputs():
    '''
    获得用户输入的参数
    '''
    a = eval(input("请输入队伍A的能力值(0~1)："))
    b = eval(input("请输入队伍B的能力值(0~1)："))
    n = eval(input("请输入比赛次数："))
    return a, b, n

def NGames(n, probA, probB):
    '''
    模拟n场比赛
    '''
    winA, winB = 0, 0
    for _ in range(n):
        scoreA, scoreB = OneGame(probA, probB)
        if scoreA > scoreB:#一场得分
            winA += 1
        else:
            winB += 1
    return winA, winB    #赢的场数

def OneGame(probA, probB):
    '''
    模拟一场比赛，包括五局
    '''
    scoreA, scoreB, N = 0, 0, 0
    serving = 'A'
    while not GameOver(N, scoreA, scoreB):
        if serving == 'A':
            if random() > probA:
                scoreB += 1
                serving = 'B'
            else:
                scoreA += 1
        if serving == 'B':
            if random() > probB:
                scoreA += 1
                serving = 'A'
            else:
                scoreB += 1
                N += 1
    return scoreA, scoreB

def GameOver(N, a, b):
    '''
    定义赢得一局的条件
    N: 当前局次(第五局为决胜局)
    '''
    if N <= 4:
        return (a>=25 and b>=25 and abs(a-b)>=2)
    else:
        return (a>=15 and b>=15 and abs(a-b)>=2)
    
def printResult(n, winA, winB):
    print("竞技分析开始，共模拟{}场比赛".format(n))
    print("队伍A获胜{}场比赛，占比{:0.1%}".format(winA,winA/n))
    print("队伍B获胜{}场比赛，占比{:0.1%}".format(winB,winB/n))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    printInfo()
    probA, probB, n = getInputs()
    winA, winB = NGames(n, probA, probB)
    printResult(n, winA, winB)

结果演示：


二.打开百度20次

先打开百度20次：

import requests
def getHTMLText(url):
    try:
        r=requests.get(url,timeout=30)
        r.raise_for_status()
        r.encoding='utf-8'
        print(r.status_code)
        print(r.text)
        print(r.encoding)
        print(r.text)
    except:
        return ""
for i in range(0,20):
    url="https://www.baidu.com"
    getHTMLText(url)

结果演示：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class="head_wrapper"> <div class="s_form"> <div class="s_form_wrapper"> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class="fm"> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class="s_ipt" value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus=autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn" autofocus></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class="mnav">新闻</a> <a href=https://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class="mnav">hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class="mnav">地图</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class="mnav">视频</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class="mnav">贴吧</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class="lb">登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>');
</script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class="bri" style="display: block;">更多产品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>©2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a>  <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class="cp-feedback">意见反馈</a> 京ICP证030173号  <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>

utf-8
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class="head_wrapper"> <div class="s_form"> <div class="s_form_wrapper"> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class="fm"> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class="s_ipt" value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus=autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn" autofocus></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class="mnav">新闻</a> <a href=https://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class="mnav">hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class="mnav">地图</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class="mnav">视频</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class="mnav">贴吧</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class="lb">登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>');
</script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class="bri" style="display: block;">更多产品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>©2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a>  <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class="cp-feedback">意见反馈</a> 京ICP证030173号  <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>

200
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class="head_wrapper"> <div class="s_form"> <div class="s_form_wrapper"> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class="fm"> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class="s_ipt" value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus=autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn" autofocus></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class="mnav">新闻</a> <a href=https://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class="mnav">hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class="mnav">地图</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class="mnav">视频</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class="mnav">贴吧</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class="lb">登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>');
</script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class="bri" style="display: block;">更多产品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>©2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a>  <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class="cp-feedback">意见反馈</a> 京ICP证030173号  <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>

runfile('C:/Users/thinkpad/Desktop/窝头/untitled4.py', wdir='C:/Users/thinkpad/Desktop/窝头')
200
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class="head_wrapper"> <div class="s_form"> <div class="s_form_wrapper"> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class="fm"> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class="s_ipt" value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus=autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn" autofocus></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class="mnav">新闻</a> <a href=https://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class="mnav">hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class="mnav">地图</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class="mnav">视频</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class="mnav">贴吧</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class="lb">登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>');
</script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class="bri" style="display: block;">更多产品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>©2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a>  <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class="cp-feedback">意见反馈</a> 京ICP证030173号  <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>

三.HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runboo.com) 51 </title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>我的第一个标题</h1>
    <p id="first">我的第一个段落。</p>
</body>

        <table border="1">

    <tr>
        <td>row 1,cell 1</td>
        <td>row 1,cell 2</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        
        <td>row 2,cell 1</td>
        <td>row 2,cell 2</td>
    </tr>
</table>
</html>

这是普通页面信息：

代码如下：

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

import re

soup=BeautifulSoup("<html><head><title>Simpke</title></head><body><p id='china'>你好，中国</p></body></html>","html.parser")

print(soup.head,"51") #打印head的内容和我的学号后两位

print(soup.body) #打印body的内容

print(soup.find_all(id="china")) #打印id为china的文本

r=soup.text

pattern = re.findall(u'[u1100-uFFFDh]+?',r)

print(pattern)


四.爬中国大学排名网站内容

代码如下：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Fri May 24 19:23:00 2019

@author: Administrator
"""

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
#import csv
import pandas as pd

allUniv=[]

def getHTMLText(url):
    try:
        r=requests.get(url,timeout=30)
        r.raise_for_status()
        r.encoding='utf-8'
        return r.text
    except:
        return ""
    
def fillUnivList(soup):
    data=soup.find_all('tr')
    for tr in data:
        ltd=tr.find_all('td')
        if len(ltd)==0:
            continue
        singleUniv=[]
        for td in ltd:
            singleUniv.append(td.string)
        allUniv.append(singleUniv)
        
def printUnivList(num):
    print("{:^4}{:^10}{:^5}{:^8}{:^10}".format("排名","学校名称","省市","总分","年费"))
    for i in range(num):
        u=allUniv[i]
        print("{:^4}{:^10}{:^5}{:^8}{:^10}".format(u[0],u[1],u[2],u[3],u[6]))
    return u
'''        
def main(num):
    url='http://www.zuihaodaxue.com/zuihaodaxuepaiming2018.html'
    html=getHTMLText(url)
    soup=BeautifulSoup(html,"html.parser")
    fillUnivList(soup)
    printUnivList(num)
    #saveUnivData(u)
'''                 
def write_csv(list):
    name = ['排名', '学校名称', '省份', '总分', '生源质量（新生高考成绩得分）', '培养结果（毕业生就业率）', '社会声誉（社会捐赠收入·千元）', '科研规模（论文数量·篇）',
            '科研质量（论文质量·FWCI）', '顶尖成果（高被引论文·篇）', '顶尖人才（高被引学者·人）', '科技服务（企业科研经费·千元）', '成果转化（技术转让收入·千元）', '学生国际化（留学生比例）']
    name2 = ['a', 'b', 'c']
    test = pd.DataFrame(columns=name, data=list)
    test.to_csv('D:/我的文件/Python作业/CrawUniv.csv', encoding='gbk')

def main(num):
    url = 'http://www.zuihaodaxue.cn/zuihaodaxuepaiming2018.html'
    html = getHTMLText(url)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
    fillUnivList(soup)
    printUnivList(num)
    print("完成")

main(600)

显示结果如下：