NSArray(二) 、 NSMutableArray 、 NSSet 、 NSMutableSet

1 创建五个学生对象，放入数组并遍历

1.1 问题

创建一个自定义类TRStudent，为该类生成五个对象。把这五个对象存入一个数组当中，然后遍历数组。

1.2 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：定义类TRStudent

首先，在Day03工程中新添加TRStudent.h文件，用于定义新的类TRStudent。

代码如下所示：

 

1. #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
3. @interface TRStudent : NSObject
5. @property(nonatomic,assign)int age;
6. @property(nonatomic,copy)NSString* name;
8. @end

在上述代码中，以下代码：

 

1. @property(nonatomic,assign)int age;
2. @property(nonatomic,copy)NSString* name;

在TRStudent类中定义了两个属性，一个是整型变量age，用于存储学生的年龄；另一个是NSString类的对象name，用于存储学生的姓名。

然后，在类TRStudent的实现部分，即在TRStudent.m文件中，重写description方法的实现，该方法用于在NSLog中用%@输出TRStudent类的对象值。

代码如下所示：

1. #import "TRStudent.h"
3. @implementation TRStudent
5. -(NSString *)description{
6. return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"age:%d",self.age];
7. }
9. @end

上述代码中，以下代码：

1. -(NSString *)description{
2. return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"student age:%d name:%@",self.age,self.name];
3. }

是重写description方法的实现，该方法用于在NSLog中用%@输出TRStudent类的对象值。

步骤二：在主程序中定义五个学生对象

代码如下所示：

1. #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
2. #import "TRStudent.h"
4. int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
5. {
7. @autoreleasepool {
9. // insert code here...
11. TRStudent* stu = [[TRStudent alloc]init];
12. stu.age = 18;
13. stu.name = @"zhangsan";
14. TRStudent* stu2 = [[TRStudent alloc]init];
15. stu2.age = 20;
16. stu2.name = @"lisi";
17. TRStudent* stu3 = [[TRStudent alloc]init];
18. stu3.age = 30;
19. stu3.name = @"wangwu";
20. TRStudent* stu4 = [[TRStudent alloc]init];
21. stu4.age = 40;
22. stu4.name = @"zhaoliu";
23. TRStudent* stu5 = [[TRStudent alloc]init];
24. stu5.age = 35;
25. stu5.name = @"qianqi";
27. }
28. return 0;
29. }

步骤三：使用五个学生对象生成一个可变数组

代码如下所示：

1. #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
2. #import "TRStudent.h"
4. int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
5. {
7. @autoreleasepool {
9. // insert code here...
11. TRStudent* stu = [[TRStudent alloc]init];
12. stu.age = 18;
13. stu.name = @"zhangsan";
14. TRStudent* stu2 = [[TRStudent alloc]init];
15. stu2.age = 20;
16. stu2.name = @"lisi";
17. TRStudent* stu3 = [[TRStudent alloc]init];
18. stu3.age = 30;
19. stu3.name = @"wangwu";
20. TRStudent* stu4 = [[TRStudent alloc]init];
21. stu4.age = 40;
22. stu4.name = @"zhaoliu";
23. TRStudent* stu5 = [[TRStudent alloc]init];
24. stu5.age = 35;
25. stu5.name = @"qianqi";
27. NSMutableArray* students = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:stu,stu2,stu3,stu4,stu5, nil];
29. }
30. return 0;
31. }

上述代码中，以下代码：

1. NSMutableArray* students = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:stu,stu2,stu3,stu4,stu5, nil];

生成一个可变数组类NSMutableArray的对象students。并使用NSMutableArray类的方法arrayWithObjects将students初始化为上述五个学生对象。值得注意的是实参的最后是nil，它的作用是标志后面没有要初始化的对象了。

步骤四：对五个学生对象进行遍历

代码如下所示：

1. #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
2. #import "TRStudent.h"
4. int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
5. {
7. @autoreleasepool {
9. // insert code here...
11. TRStudent* stu = [[TRStudent alloc]init];
12. stu.age = 18;
13. stu.name = @"zhangsan";
14. TRStudent* stu2 = [[TRStudent alloc]init];
15. stu2.age = 20;
16. stu2.name = @"lisi";
17. TRStudent* stu3 = [[TRStudent alloc]init];
18. stu3.age = 30;
19. stu3.name = @"wangwu";
20. TRStudent* stu4 = [[TRStudent alloc]init];
21. stu4.age = 40;
22. stu4.name = @"zhaoliu";
23. TRStudent* stu5 = [[TRStudent alloc]init];
24. stu5.age = 35;
25. stu5.name = @"qianqi";
27. NSMutableArray* students = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:stu,stu2,stu3,stu4,stu5, nil];
29. NSLog(@"遍历学生内容..........");
30. for (int i = 0; i<[students count]; i++) {
31. TRStudent* stu = [students objectAtIndex:i];
32. NSLog(@"stu age:%d name:%@",stu.age,stu.name);
33. }
35. }
36. return 0;
37. }

上述代码中，以下代码：

1. for (int i = 0; i<[students count]; i++) {
2. TRStudent* stu = [students objectAtIndex:i];
3. NSLog(@"stu age:%d name:%@",stu.age,stu.name);
4. }

是设置一个循环来遍历数组。NSMutableArray类的方法count返回对象students中的数组元素个数，在这里用于限定循环的次数。NSMutableArray类的方法objectAtIndex：返回指定位置的数组元素值，实参i用于指定要返回哪个数组元素。最后，使用NSLog在控制台上输出TRStudent类对象的两个属性值。

1.3 完整代码

本案例中，类TRStudent声明，即TRStudent.h文件，完整代码如下所示：

1. #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
3. @interface TRStudent : NSObject
5. @property(nonatomic,assign)int age;
6. @property(nonatomic,copy)NSString* name;
8. @end

类TRStudent实现，即TRStudent.m文件，完整代码如下所示：

1. #import "TRStudent.h"
3. @implementation TRStudent
5. -(NSString *)description{
6. return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"age:%d",self.age];
7. }
9. @end

主程序，即main.m，完整代码如下所示：

1. #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
2. #import "TRStudent.h"
4. int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
5. {
7. @autoreleasepool {
9. // insert code here...
11. TRStudent* stu = [[TRStudent alloc]init];
12. stu.age = 18;
13. stu.name = @"zhangsan";
14. TRStudent* stu2 = [[TRStudent alloc]init];
15. stu2.age = 20;
16. stu2.name = @"lisi";
17. TRStudent* stu3 = [[TRStudent alloc]init];
18. stu3.age = 30;
19. stu3.name = @"wangwu";
20. TRStudent* stu4 = [[TRStudent alloc]init];
21. stu4.age = 40;
22. stu4.name = @"zhaoliu";
23. TRStudent* stu5 = [[TRStudent alloc]init];
24. stu5.age = 35;
25. stu5.name = @"qianqi";
27. NSMutableArray* students = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:stu,stu2,stu3,stu4,stu5, nil];
29. NSLog(@"遍历学生内容..........");
30. for (int i = 0; i<[students count]; i++) {
31. TRStudent* stu = [students objectAtIndex:i];
32. NSLog(@"stu age:%d name:%@",stu.age,stu.name);
33. }
35. }
36. return 0;
37. }

2 重构学生与学校的练习

2.1 问题

本案例要求用集合解决下述问题。问题是：有一个学校，该学校有两个学院，每个学院中又有两个班级，而在每个班级中有两名学生。

现在作如下要求：

1)显示所有学生的信息。

2)只显示姓名为“zhangsan”的学生的信息。

3)只显示年龄为18岁的学生的信息。

4)如果每个学生有本书，显示所有学生的书的名称和价格。

2.2 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：定义类Book

首先，在Day03-2工程中新添加Book.h文件，用于定义新的类Book。

代码如下所示：

1. #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
3. @interface Book : NSObject<NSCopying>
5. @property(nonatomic, copy)NSString *name;
6. @property(nonatomic,assign)int price;
8. @end

在上述代码中，以下代码：

1. @interface Book : NSObject<NSCopying>

定义了类Book，该类采用了NSCopying协议。

在上述代码中，以下代码：

1. @property(nonatomic, copy)NSString *name;
2. @property(nonatomic,assign)int price;

在Book类中定义了两个属性，一个是NSString类的对象name，用于存储书的名字；另一个是整型变量price，用于存储书的价格。

然后，在类Book的实现部分，即在Book.m文件中，添加两个方法的实现，一个是copyWithZone方法，该方法是在NSCopying协议中声明的方法，用于深拷贝；另一个是dealloc方法，由于使用ARC，该方法在本类中实际上没有任何实际意义，只是在类的对象销毁时，在控制台上输出一个提示。

代码如下所示：

1. #import "Book.h"
3. @implementation Book
5. -(id)copyWithZone:(NSZone*)zone
6. {
7. Book* book = [[Book allocWithZone:zone] init];
8. book.name = self.name;
9. book.price = self.price;
10. return book;
11. }
13. -(void)dealloc{
14. NSLog(@"书对象销毁了 price:%d",self.price);
15. }
17. @end

上述代码中，copyWithZone方法不能在类外直接被调用，它是在向一个对象发送copy消息时，由copy消息调用。在该方法中，以下代码：

1. Book* book = [[Book allocWithZone:zone] init];
2. book.name = self.name;
3. book.price = self.price;

生成一个本类对象的副本。需要注意的是分配空间使用的是allocWithZone方法。

上述代码中，dealloc方法也不能在类外直接被调用，它是在一个对象被release并且对象的引用计数为0时，由内存管理程序调用的方法。

步骤二：定义类TRStudent

首先，在Day03-2工程中新添加TRStudent.h文件，用于定义新的类TRStudent。

代码如下所示：

1. #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
2. #import "Book.h"
4. @interface TRStudent : NSObject
6. @property(nonatomic,assign)int age;
7. @property(nonatomic,copy)NSString* name;
8. @property(nonatomic,copy)Book *book;
10. -(id)initWithAge:(int)age andName:(NSString*)name andBook:(Book*)book;
11. +(id)studentWithAge:(int)age andName:(NSString*)name andBook:(Book*)book;
12. -(void)print:(id)condition;
14. @end

在上述代码中，定义了类Student，在类中有三个带参属性。

一个属性是整型变量age，如下代码所示：

1. @property(nonatomic,assign) int age;

用于存储学生的年龄。它有两个参数，一个是nonatomic，它代表对属性赋值的时候不加锁，即在多线程环境下访问时可能会出现数据错误，如果需要在多线程环境下运行，为保证数据不会出现错误，可使用atomic参数，它会在对属性赋值的时候加锁。另一个参数是assign，对于C语言的基本数据类型，只能选取这个参数。

另一个属性是name，如下代码所示：

1. @property(nonatomic,copy)NSString* name;

用于存储学生的姓名。它有两个参数，一个是nonatomic，另一个参数是copy，该参数一般用于NSObject类及其子类的对象，这些对象在赋值时实现深拷贝，即属性name指向的对象是赋值给它的对象的副本。

最后一个属性是book，如下代码所示：

1. @property(nonatomic,copy)Book *book;

用于存储学生正在学习的书。值得注意的是，Book类采纳NSCopying协议，是因为此处使用了copy这个属性参数。

上述代码中，以下代码：

1. -(id)initWithAge:(int)age andName:(NSString*)name andBook:(Book*)book;
2. +(id)studentWithAge:(int)age andName:(NSString*)name andBook:(Book*)book;

声明了TRStudent类的带参初始化方法和带参工厂方法。

上述代码中，以下代码：

1. -(void)print:(id)condition;

声明了一个print方法，该方法用于根据形参condition的不同，打印不同的TRStudent类对象的属性值。

然后，在类Student的实现部分，即在Student.m文件中，添加带参初始化方法和工厂初始化方法以及print方法的实现。

代码如下所示：

1. #import "TRStudent.h"
3. @implementation TRStudent
5. -(id)initWithAge:(int)age
6. andName:(NSString*)name
7. andBook:(Book*)book{
8. self = [super init];
9. if (self) {
10. self.age = age;
11. self.name = name;
12. self.book = book;
13. }
14. return self;
15. }
17. +(id)studentWithAge:(int)age
18. andName:(NSString*)name
19. andBook:(Book*)book{
20. return [[TRStudent alloc]initWithAge:age andName:name andBook:book];
21. }
23. -(void)print:(id)condition
24. {
25. bool a = [condition isKindOfClass:[NSNumber class]];
26. bool b = [condition intValue] == self.age;
27. bool c = [condition isKindOfClass:[NSString class]];
28. bool d = [self.name isEqualToString:condition];
29. if ((a && b) || (c && d))
30. NSLog(@"stu name:%@, age:%d", self.name, self.age);
31. }
33. @end

上述代码中，以下代码：

1. bool a = [condition isKindOfClass:[NSNumber class]];
2. bool b = [condition intValue] == self.age;

定义了两个bool类型的变量。

变量a被赋值为形参condition是否是NSNumber类对象的判断结果，其中方法isKindOfClass的作用是判断对象condition是否是NSNumber类的对象。方法isKindOfClass的形参为Class类型的值，该类型的值通过工厂方法class获得。

变量b被赋值为形参condition的值是否与当前对象age属性值相等的判断结果。通过向形参condition发送intValue消息，如果condition的值为数字字符串，则将其转换成整型数据。

上述代码中，以下代码：

1. bool c = [condition isKindOfClass:[NSString class]];
2. bool d = [self.name isEqualToString:condition];

定义了两个bool类型的变量。

变量c被赋值为形参condition是否是NSString类对象的判断结果。

变量d被赋值为当前对象name属性值是否与形参condition的值相等的判断结果。方法isEqualToString是NSString类的方法，用于判断两个字符串是否相等。

上述代码中，以下代码：

1. if ((a && b) || (c && d))
2. NSLog(@"stu name:%@, age:%d", self.name, self.age);

如果条件(a && b)为真则表示形参condition为NSNumber类的对象并且将其拆箱后的值与当前对象age属性值相等。

如果条件(c && d)为真则表示形参condition为NSString类的对象并且与当前对象name属性值是同一字符串。

步骤三：在主程序中创建八个学生对象

代码如下所示：

1. #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
2. #import "TRStudent.h"
4. int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
5. {
7. @autoreleasepool {
9. // insert code here...
10. //创建学生对象
11. Book* book1 = [[Book alloc] init];
12. book1.name = @"sanguo";
13. book1.price = 20;
14. TRStudent* stu1 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:18 andName:@"zhangsan" andBook:book1];
16. Book* book2 = [[Book alloc] init];
17. book2.name = @"shuihu";
18. book2.price = 18;
19. TRStudent* stu2 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:19 andName:@"lisi" andBook:book2];
21. Book* book3 = [[Book alloc] init];
22. book3.name = @"xiyouji";
23. book3.price = 28;
24. TRStudent* stu3 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:20 andName:@"wangwu" andBook:book3];
26. Book* book4 = [[Book alloc] init];
27. book4.name = @"hongluomeng";
28. book4.price = 24;
29. TRStudent* stu4 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:21 andName:@"zhaoliu" andBook:book4];
31. Book* book5 = [[Book alloc] init];
32. book5.name = @"fengshenyanyi";
33. book5.price = 22;
34. TRStudent* stu5 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:22 andName:@"qianqi" andBook:book5];
36. Book* book6 = [[Book alloc] init];
37. book6.name = @"liaozhaizhiyi";
38. book6.price = 15;
39. TRStudent* stu6 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:23 andName:@"zhangfei" andBook:book6];
41. Book* book7 = [[Book alloc] init];
42. book7.name = @"sanxiawuyi";
43. book7.price = 17;
44. TRStudent* stu7 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:24 andName:@"guanyu" andBook:book7];
46. Book* book8 = [[Book alloc] init];
47. book8.name = @"yuefeizhuan";
48. book8.price = 27;
49. TRStudent* stu8 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:25 andName:@"zhaoyun" andBook:book8];
51. }
52. return 0;
53. }

上述代码中，以下代码：

1. //创建学生对象
2. Book* book1 = [[Book alloc] init];
3. book1.name = @"sanguo";
4. book1.price = 20;
5. TRStudent* stu1 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:18 andName:@"zhangsan" andBook:book1];

首先创建了一个Book类的对象book1，然后使用工厂方法studentWithAge：andName：andBook：创建TRStudent类的对象stu1。

步骤四：在主程序中创建班级集合

代码如下所示：

1. #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
2. #import "TRStudent.h"
4. int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
5. {
7. @autoreleasepool {
9. // insert code here...
10. //创建学生对象
11. Book* book1 = [[Book alloc] init];
12. book1.name = @"sanguo";
13. book1.price = 20;
14. TRStudent* stu1 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:18 andName:@"zhangsan" andBook:book1];
16. Book* book2 = [[Book alloc] init];
17. book2.name = @"shuihu";
18. book2.price = 18;
19. TRStudent* stu2 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:19 andName:@"lisi" andBook:book2];
21. Book* book3 = [[Book alloc] init];
22. book3.name = @"xiyouji";
23. book3.price = 28;
24. TRStudent* stu3 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:20 andName:@"wangwu" andBook:book3];
26. Book* book4 = [[Book alloc] init];
27. book4.name = @"hongluomeng";
28. book4.price = 24;
29. TRStudent* stu4 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:21 andName:@"zhaoliu" andBook:book4];
31. Book* book5 = [[Book alloc] init];
32. book5.name = @"fengshenyanyi";
33. book5.price = 22;
34. TRStudent* stu5 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:22 andName:@"qianqi" andBook:book5];
36. Book* book6 = [[Book alloc] init];
37. book6.name = @"liaozhaizhiyi";
38. book6.price = 15;
39. TRStudent* stu6 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:23 andName:@"zhangfei" andBook:book6];
41. Book* book7 = [[Book alloc] init];
42. book7.name = @"sanxiawuyi";
43. book7.price = 17;
44. TRStudent* stu7 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:24 andName:@"guanyu" andBook:book7];
46. Book* book8 = [[Book alloc] init];
47. book8.name = @"yuefeizhuan";
48. book8.price = 27;
49. TRStudent* stu8 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:25 andName:@"zhaoyun" andBook:book8];
51. //班级
52. NSSet* class1403A = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu1,stu2,nil];
53. NSSet* class1403B = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu3,stu4,nil];
54. NSSet* class1403C = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu5,stu6,nil];
55. NSSet* class1403D = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu7,stu8,nil];
57. }
58. return 0;
59. }

上述代码中，以下代码：

1. //班级
2. NSSet* class1403A = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu1,stu2,nil];
3. NSSet* class1403B = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu3,stu4,nil];
4. NSSet* class1403C = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu5,stu6,nil];
5. NSSet* class1403D = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu7,stu8,nil];

创建了四个集合对象，每个集合对象为一个班级，班级中有两个学生作为集合元素。其中使用工厂方法setWithObjects创建集合对象。值得注意的是，在形参的最后是nil，它代表放入集合中的元素结束。

步骤五：在主程序中创建学院和学校

代码如下所示：

1. #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
2. #import "TRStudent.h"
4. int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
5. {
7. @autoreleasepool {
9. // insert code here...
10. //创建学生对象
11. Book* book1 = [[Book alloc] init];
12. book1.name = @"sanguo";
13. book1.price = 20;
14. TRStudent* stu1 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:18 andName:@"zhangsan" andBook:book1];
16. Book* book2 = [[Book alloc] init];
17. book2.name = @"shuihu";
18. book2.price = 18;
19. TRStudent* stu2 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:19 andName:@"lisi" andBook:book2];
21. Book* book3 = [[Book alloc] init];
22. book3.name = @"xiyouji";
23. book3.price = 28;
24. TRStudent* stu3 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:20 andName:@"wangwu" andBook:book3];
26. Book* book4 = [[Book alloc] init];
27. book4.name = @"hongluomeng";
28. book4.price = 24;
29. TRStudent* stu4 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:21 andName:@"zhaoliu" andBook:book4];
31. Book* book5 = [[Book alloc] init];
32. book5.name = @"fengshenyanyi";
33. book5.price = 22;
34. TRStudent* stu5 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:22 andName:@"qianqi" andBook:book5];
36. Book* book6 = [[Book alloc] init];
37. book6.name = @"liaozhaizhiyi";
38. book6.price = 15;
39. TRStudent* stu6 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:23 andName:@"zhangfei" andBook:book6];
41. Book* book7 = [[Book alloc] init];
42. book7.name = @"sanxiawuyi";
43. book7.price = 17;
44. TRStudent* stu7 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:24 andName:@"guanyu" andBook:book7];
46. Book* book8 = [[Book alloc] init];
47. book8.name = @"yuefeizhuan";
48. book8.price = 27;
49. TRStudent* stu8 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:25 andName:@"zhaoyun" andBook:book8];
51. //班级
52. NSSet* class1403A = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu1,stu2,nil];
53. NSSet* class1403B = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu3,stu4,nil];
54. NSSet* class1403C = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu5,stu6,nil];
55. NSSet* class1403D = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu7,stu8,nil];
57. //学院
58. NSSet* college3G = [NSSet setWithObjects:class1403A,class1403B,nil];
59. NSSet* collegeTest = [NSSet setWithObjects:class1403C,class1403D,nil];
61. //学校
62. NSSet* tarena = [NSSet setWithObjects:college3G,collegeTest,nil];
64. }
65. return 0;
66. }

上述代码中，以下代码：

1. //学院
2. NSSet* college3G = [NSSet setWithObjects:class1403A,class1403B,nil];
3. NSSet* collegeTest = [NSSet setWithObjects:class1403C,class1403D,nil];
5. //学校
6. NSSet* tarena = [NSSet setWithObjects:college3G,collegeTest,nil];

创建了两个学院集合，每个学院集合中有两个班级集合作为集合元素。还创建了一个学校集合，其中包含上述两个学院集合作为集合元素。

步骤六：在主程序中遍历输出所有学生信息

代码如下所示：

1. #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
2. #import "TRStudent.h"
4. int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
5. {
7. @autoreleasepool {
9. // insert code here...
10. //创建学生对象
11. Book* book1 = [[Book alloc] init];
12. book1.name = @"sanguo";
13. book1.price = 20;
14. TRStudent* stu1 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:18 andName:@"zhangsan" andBook:book1];
16. Book* book2 = [[Book alloc] init];
17. book2.name = @"shuihu";
18. book2.price = 18;
19. TRStudent* stu2 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:19 andName:@"lisi" andBook:book2];
21. Book* book3 = [[Book alloc] init];
22. book3.name = @"xiyouji";
23. book3.price = 28;
24. TRStudent* stu3 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:20 andName:@"wangwu" andBook:book3];
26. Book* book4 = [[Book alloc] init];
27. book4.name = @"hongluomeng";
28. book4.price = 24;
29. TRStudent* stu4 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:21 andName:@"zhaoliu" andBook:book4];
31. Book* book5 = [[Book alloc] init];
32. book5.name = @"fengshenyanyi";
33. book5.price = 22;
34. TRStudent* stu5 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:22 andName:@"qianqi" andBook:book5];
36. Book* book6 = [[Book alloc] init];
37. book6.name = @"liaozhaizhiyi";
38. book6.price = 15;
39. TRStudent* stu6 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:23 andName:@"zhangfei" andBook:book6];
41. Book* book7 = [[Book alloc] init];
42. book7.name = @"sanxiawuyi";
43. book7.price = 17;
44. TRStudent* stu7 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:24 andName:@"guanyu" andBook:book7];
46. Book* book8 = [[Book alloc] init];
47. book8.name = @"yuefeizhuan";
48. book8.price = 27;
49. TRStudent* stu8 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:25 andName:@"zhaoyun" andBook:book8];
51. //班级
52. NSSet* class1403A = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu1,stu2,nil];
53. NSSet* class1403B = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu3,stu4,nil];
54. NSSet* class1403C = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu5,stu6,nil];
55. NSSet* class1403D = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu7,stu8,nil];
57. //学院
58. NSSet* college3G = [NSSet setWithObjects:class1403A,class1403B,nil];
59. NSSet* collegeTest = [NSSet setWithObjects:class1403C,class1403D,nil];
61. //学校
62. NSSet* tarena = [NSSet setWithObjects:college3G,collegeTest,nil];
64. //遍历学校
65. for (NSSet* college in tarena)
66. {
67. //遍历学院
68. for (NSSet* class in college)
69. {
70. //遍历班级
71. for (TRStudent* stu in class)
72. {
73. NSLog(@"stu name:%@, age:%d", stu.name, stu.age);
74. }
75. }
76. }
78. }
79. return 0;
80. }

上述代码中，以下代码：

1. //遍历学校
2. for (NSSet* college in tarena)
3. {
4. //遍历学院
5. for (NSSet* class in college)
6. {
7. //遍历班级
8. for (TRStudent* stu in class)
9. {
10. NSLog(@"name:%@, age:%d", stu.name, stu.age);
11. }
12. }
13. }

通过三重快速遍历方法遍历所有学生的信息。以下代码：

1. //遍历学校
2. for (NSSet* college in tarena)

是遍历学校tarena。每次从集合tarena中取出一个元素，放入college中，因为学校集合tarena内的元素为两个学院集合，所以college的数据类型为NSSet*。

以下代码：

1. //遍历学院
2. for (NSSet* class in college)

是遍历学院college。每次从集合college中取出一个元素，放入class中，因为学院集合college内的元素为两个班级集合，所以class的数据类型为NSSet*。

以下代码：

1. //遍历班级
2. for (TRStudent* stu in class)

是遍历班级class。因为班级集合class中是两个学生类TRStudent的对象，所以stu的数据类型为TRStudent*。

步骤七：在主程序中遍历显示指定条件的学生信息

代码如下所示：

1. #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
2. #import "TRStudent.h"
4. int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
5. {
7. @autoreleasepool {
9. // insert code here...
10. //创建学生对象
11. Book* book1 = [[Book alloc] init];
12. book1.name = @"sanguo";
13. book1.price = 20;
14. TRStudent* stu1 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:18 andName:@"zhangsan" andBook:book1];
16. Book* book2 = [[Book alloc] init];
17. book2.name = @"shuihu";
18. book2.price = 18;
19. TRStudent* stu2 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:19 andName:@"lisi" andBook:book2];
21. Book* book3 = [[Book alloc] init];
22. book3.name = @"xiyouji";
23. book3.price = 28;
24. TRStudent* stu3 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:20 andName:@"wangwu" andBook:book3];
26. Book* book4 = [[Book alloc] init];
27. book4.name = @"hongluomeng";
28. book4.price = 24;
29. TRStudent* stu4 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:21 andName:@"zhaoliu" andBook:book4];
31. Book* book5 = [[Book alloc] init];
32. book5.name = @"fengshenyanyi";
33. book5.price = 22;
34. TRStudent* stu5 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:22 andName:@"qianqi" andBook:book5];
36. Book* book6 = [[Book alloc] init];
37. book6.name = @"liaozhaizhiyi";
38. book6.price = 15;
39. TRStudent* stu6 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:23 andName:@"zhangfei" andBook:book6];
41. Book* book7 = [[Book alloc] init];
42. book7.name = @"sanxiawuyi";
43. book7.price = 17;
44. TRStudent* stu7 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:24 andName:@"guanyu" andBook:book7];
46. Book* book8 = [[Book alloc] init];
47. book8.name = @"yuefeizhuan";
48. book8.price = 27;
49. TRStudent* stu8 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:25 andName:@"zhaoyun" andBook:book8];
51. //班级
52. NSSet* class1403A = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu1,stu2,nil];
53. NSSet* class1403B = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu3,stu4,nil];
54. NSSet* class1403C = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu5,stu6,nil];
55. NSSet* class1403D = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu7,stu8,nil];
57. //学院
58. NSSet* college3G = [NSSet setWithObjects:class1403A,class1403B,nil];
59. NSSet* collegeTest = [NSSet setWithObjects:class1403C,class1403D,nil];
61. //学校
62. NSSet* tarena = [NSSet setWithObjects:college3G,collegeTest,nil];
64. //遍历学校
65. for (NSSet* college in tarena)
66. {
67. //遍历学院
68. for (NSSet* class in college)
69. {
70. //遍历班级
71. for (TRStudent* stu in class)
72. {
73. NSLog(@"name:%@, age:%d", stu.name, stu.age);
74. }
75. }
76. }
78. //遍历学校
79. for (NSSet* college in tarena)
80. {
81. //遍历学院
82. for (NSSet* class in college)
83. {
84. //输出年龄为18岁的学生信息
85. [class makeObjectsPerformSelector:@selector(print:) withObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:18]];
86. //输出姓名为“张三”的学生信息
87. [class makeObjectsPerformSelector:@selector(print:) withObject:@"zhangsan"];
88. }
89. }
90. }
91. return 0;
92. }

上述代码中，以下代码：

1. //输出年龄为18岁的学生信息
2. [class makeObjectsPerformSelector:@selector(print:) withObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:18]];

显示class集合中年龄为18岁的学生信息。通过向集合对象class发送NSSet类的makeObjectsPerformSelector：withObject：消息，使集合对象class中的每个元素（即TRStudent类的对象）均调用第一个实参@selector(print:)指定的TRStudent类中print方法，在控制台上输出满足条件（年龄为18岁）的学生的信息。条件（年龄为18岁）是通过makeObjectsPerformSelector：withObject：消息的第二个实参[NSNumber numberWithInt:18]传入给print方法的。

上述代码中，以下代码：

1. //输出姓名为“张三”的学生信息
2. [class makeObjectsPerformSelector:@selector(print:) withObject:@"zhangsan"];

显示class集合中姓名为zhangsan的学生信息。

上述代码比步骤六（输出所有学生信息）中的遍历次数少了一次，这是因为NSSet类的makeObjectsPerformSelector：withObject：消息内本身还要遍历一次，把集合class内的所有元素逐个调用一次print方法。

步骤八：在主程序中显示所有学生的书的名称和价格

代码如下所示：

1. #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
2. #import "TRStudent.h"
4. int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
5. {
7. @autoreleasepool {
9. // insert code here...
10. //创建学生对象
11. Book* book1 = [[Book alloc] init];
12. book1.name = @"sanguo";
13. book1.price = 20;
14. TRStudent* stu1 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:18 andName:@"zhangsan" andBook:book1];
16. Book* book2 = [[Book alloc] init];
17. book2.name = @"shuihu";
18. book2.price = 18;
19. TRStudent* stu2 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:19 andName:@"lisi" andBook:book2];
21. Book* book3 = [[Book alloc] init];
22. book3.name = @"xiyouji";
23. book3.price = 28;
24. TRStudent* stu3 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:20 andName:@"wangwu" andBook:book3];
26. Book* book4 = [[Book alloc] init];
27. book4.name = @"hongluomeng";
28. book4.price = 24;
29. TRStudent* stu4 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:21 andName:@"zhaoliu" andBook:book4];
31. Book* book5 = [[Book alloc] init];
32. book5.name = @"fengshenyanyi";
33. book5.price = 22;
34. TRStudent* stu5 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:22 andName:@"qianqi" andBook:book5];
36. Book* book6 = [[Book alloc] init];
37. book6.name = @"liaozhaizhiyi";
38. book6.price = 15;
39. TRStudent* stu6 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:23 andName:@"zhangfei" andBook:book6];
41. Book* book7 = [[Book alloc] init];
42. book7.name = @"sanxiawuyi";
43. book7.price = 17;
44. TRStudent* stu7 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:24 andName:@"guanyu" andBook:book7];
46. Book* book8 = [[Book alloc] init];
47. book8.name = @"yuefeizhuan";
48. book8.price = 27;
49. TRStudent* stu8 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:25 andName:@"zhaoyun" andBook:book8];
51. //班级
52. NSSet* class1403A = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu1,stu2,nil];
53. NSSet* class1403B = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu3,stu4,nil];
54. NSSet* class1403C = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu5,stu6,nil];
55. NSSet* class1403D = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu7,stu8,nil];
57. //学院
58. NSSet* college3G = [NSSet setWithObjects:class1403A,class1403B,nil];
59. NSSet* collegeTest = [NSSet setWithObjects:class1403C,class1403D,nil];
61. //学校
62. NSSet* tarena = [NSSet setWithObjects:college3G,collegeTest,nil];
64. //遍历学校
65. for (NSSet* college in tarena)
66. {
67. //遍历学院
68. for (NSSet* class in college)
69. {
70. //遍历班级
71. for (TRStudent* stu in class)
72. {
73. NSLog(@"name:%@, age:%d", stu.name, stu.age);
74. }
75. }
76. }
78. //遍历学校
79. for (NSSet* college in tarena)
80. {
81. //遍历学院
82. for (NSSet* class in college)
83. {
84. //输出年龄为18岁的学生信息
85. [class makeObjectsPerformSelector:@selector(print:) withObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:18]];
86. //输出姓名为“张三”的学生信息
87. [class makeObjectsPerformSelector:@selector(print:) withObject:@"zhangsan"];
88. }
89. }
91. //遍历学校
92. for (NSSet* college in tarena)
93. {
94. //遍历学院
95. for (NSSet* class in college)
96. {
97. //遍历班级
98. for (TRStudent* stu in class)
99. {
100. NSLog(@"book name:%@, price:%d", stu.book.name, stu.book.price);
101. }
102. }
103. }
104. }
105. return 0;
106. }

上述代码再一次使用了三重快速遍历，这一次与步骤六（遍历输出所有学生信息）中的三重快速遍历相比，区别是最后使用NSLog输出为书的名称和价格，不是学生的姓名和年龄。

2.3 完整代码

本案例中，类Book声明，即Book.h文件，完整代码如下所示：

1. #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
3. @interface Book : NSObject<NSCopying>
5. @property(nonatomic, copy)NSString *name;
6. @property(nonatomic,assign)int price;
8. @end

类Book实现，即Book.m文件，完整代码如下所示：

1. #import "Book.h"
3. @implementation Book
5. -(id)copyWithZone:(NSZone*)zone
6. {
7. Book* book = [[Book allocWithZone:zone] init];
8. book.name = self.name;
9. book.price = self.price;
10. return book;
11. }
13. -(void)dealloc{
14. NSLog(@"书对象销毁了 price:%d",self.price);
15. }
17. @end

本案例中，类TRStudent声明，即TRStudent.h文件，完整代码如下所示：

1. #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
2. #import "Book.h"
4. @interface TRStudent : NSObject
6. @property(nonatomic,assign)int age;
7. @property(nonatomic,copy)NSString* name;
8. @property(nonatomic,copy)Book *book;
10. -(id)initWithAge:(int)age andName:(NSString*)name andBook:(Book*)book;
11. +(id)studentWithAge:(int)age andName:(NSString*)name andBook:(Book*)book;
12. -(void)print:(id)condition;
14. @end

类TRStudent实现，即TRStudent.m文件，完整代码如下所示：

1. #import "TRStudent.h"
3. @implementation TRStudent
5. -(id)initWithAge:(int)age
6. andName:(NSString*)name
7. andBook:(Book*)book{
8. self = [super init];
9. if (self) {
10. self.age = age;
11. self.name = name;
12. self.book = book;
13. }
14. return self;
15. }
17. +(id)studentWithAge:(int)age
18. andName:(NSString*)name
19. andBook:(Book*)book{
20. return [[TRStudent alloc]initWithAge:age andName:name andBook:book];
21. }
23. -(void)print:(id)condition
24. {
25. bool a = [condition isKindOfClass:[NSNumber class]];
26. bool b = [condition intValue] == self.age;
27. bool c = [condition isKindOfClass:[NSString class]];
28. bool d = [self.name isEqualToString:condition];
29. if ((a && b) || (c && d))
30. NSLog(@"stu name:%@, age:%d", self.name, self.age);
31. }
33. @end

主程序，即main.m，完整代码如下所示：

 

1. #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
2. #import "TRStudent.h"
4. int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
5. {
7. @autoreleasepool {
9. // insert code here...
10. //创建学生对象
11. Book* book1 = [[Book alloc] init];
12. book1.name = @"sanguo";
13. book1.price = 20;
14. TRStudent* stu1 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:18 andName:@"zhangsan" andBook:book1];
16. Book* book2 = [[Book alloc] init];
17. book2.name = @"shuihu";
18. book2.price = 18;
19. TRStudent* stu2 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:19 andName:@"lisi" andBook:book2];
21. Book* book3 = [[Book alloc] init];
22. book3.name = @"xiyouji";
23. book3.price = 28;
24. TRStudent* stu3 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:20 andName:@"wangwu" andBook:book3];
26. Book* book4 = [[Book alloc] init];
27. book4.name = @"hongluomeng";
28. book4.price = 24;
29. TRStudent* stu4 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:21 andName:@"zhaoliu" andBook:book4];
31. Book* book5 = [[Book alloc] init];
32. book5.name = @"fengshenyanyi";
33. book5.price = 22;
34. TRStudent* stu5 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:22 andName:@"qianqi" andBook:book5];
36. Book* book6 = [[Book alloc] init];
37. book6.name = @"liaozhaizhiyi";
38. book6.price = 15;
39. TRStudent* stu6 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:23 andName:@"zhangfei" andBook:book6];
41. Book* book7 = [[Book alloc] init];
42. book7.name = @"sanxiawuyi";
43. book7.price = 17;
44. TRStudent* stu7 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:24 andName:@"guanyu" andBook:book7];
46. Book* book8 = [[Book alloc] init];
47. book8.name = @"yuefeizhuan";
48. book8.price = 27;
49. TRStudent* stu8 = [TRStudent studentWithAge:25 andName:@"zhaoyun" andBook:book8];
51. //班级
52. NSSet* class1403A = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu1,stu2,nil];
53. NSSet* class1403B = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu3,stu4,nil];
54. NSSet* class1403C = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu5,stu6,nil];
55. NSSet* class1403D = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu7,stu8,nil];
57. //学院
58. NSSet* college3G = [NSSet setWithObjects:class1403A,class1403B,nil];
59. NSSet* collegeTest = [NSSet setWithObjects:class1403C,class1403D,nil];
61. //学校
62. NSSet* tarena = [NSSet setWithObjects:college3G,collegeTest,nil];
64. //遍历学校
65. for (NSSet* college in tarena)
66. {
67. //遍历学院
68. for (NSSet* class in college)
69. {
70. //遍历班级
71. for (TRStudent* stu in class)
72. {
73. NSLog(@"stu name:%@, age:%d", stu.name, stu.age);
74. }
75. }
76. }
78. //遍历学校
79. for (NSSet* college in tarena)
80. {
81. //遍历学院
82. for (NSSet* class in college)
83. {
84. //输出年龄为18岁的学生信息
85. [class makeObjectsPerformSelector:@selector(print:) withObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:18]];
86. //输出姓名为“张三”的学生信息
87. [class makeObjectsPerformSelector:@selector(print:) withObject:@"zhangsan"];
88. }
89. }
91. //遍历学校
92. for (NSSet* college in tarena)
93. {
94. //遍历学院
95. for (NSSet* class in college)
96. {
97. //遍历班级
98. for (TRStudent* stu in class)
99. {
100. NSLog(@"book name:%@, price:%d", stu.book.name, stu.book.price);
101. }
102. }
103. }
104. }
105. return 0;
106. }