HashTable源码分析

HashTable，它与HashMap不同之处有两点：1.HashTable是线程安全的 2.HashTable不允须key或者value为null。

1.属性

    /**
     * The hash table data.
     */
    // 底层数组
    private transient Entry<K,V>[] table;

    /**
     * The total number of entries in the hash table.
     *  Entry元素的个数
     */
    private transient int count;

    /**
     * The table is rehashed when its size exceeds this threshold.  (The
     * value of this field is (int)(capacity * loadFactor).)
     * 临界值：当数组中的元素个数大于等于这个数值时，再添加元素就进行扩容操作
     * @serial
     */
    private int threshold;

    /**
     * The load factor for the hashtable.
     * 加载因子:数组长度*加载因子 = 临界值
     * @serial
     */
    private float loadFactor;

    /**
     * The number of times this Hashtable has been structurally modified
     * Structural modifications are those that change the number of entries in
     * the Hashtable or otherwise modify its internal structure (e.g.,
     * rehash).  This field is used to make iterators on Collection-views of
     * the Hashtable fail-fast.  (See ConcurrentModificationException).
     */
    // 此HashTable结构修改次数，每次添加，更新，删除元素时，这个值就加1
    private transient int modCount = 0;

2.构造器

  public Hashtable(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
        if (initialCapacity < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
                                               initialCapacity);
        if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Load: "+loadFactor);

        if (initialCapacity==0)
            initialCapacity = 1;
        this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
        table = new Entry[initialCapacity];
        threshold = (int)Math.min(initialCapacity * loadFactor, MAX_ARRAY_SIZE + 1);
        initHashSeedAsNeeded(initialCapacity);
    }

3.方法

3.1 put（K key,V value）:将指定key映射到此Hash表中的指定value

 
//添加synchronized关键字保证线程安全  
public synchronized V put(K key, V value) {
        // Make sure the value is not null
        if (value == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException();
        }

        // Makes sure the key is not already in the hashtable.
        Entry tab[] = table;
        int hash = hash(key);
        // 根据hash值获取下标
        int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
        // 遍历该下标下所有的元素，如果key相等，那么则替换
        for (Entry<K,V> e = tab[index] ; e != null ; e = e.next) {
            if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {
                V old = e.value;
                e.value = value;
                return old;
            }
        }

        modCount++;
         // 如果当前数组中元素的个数 大于等于 临界值，进行扩容操作
        if (count >= threshold) {
            // Rehash the table if the threshold is exceeded
            rehash();

            tab = table;
            hash = hash(key);
            index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length; //扩容后，新添加元素对应的下标
        }

        // Creates the new entry.
        // 创建一个新的entry
        Entry<K,V> e = tab[index];
        tab[index] = new Entry<>(hash, key, value, e);
        count++;
        return null;
    }

 进入rehash方法

 protected void rehash() {
        int oldCapacity = table.length;
        Entry<K,V>[] oldMap = table;

        // overflow-conscious code
        // 新的容量 = 原来的容量乘以2+1
        int newCapacity = (oldCapacity << 1) + 1;
        if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0) {
            if (oldCapacity == MAX_ARRAY_SIZE)
                // Keep running with MAX_ARRAY_SIZE buckets
                return;
            newCapacity = MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
        }
        Entry<K,V>[] newMap = new Entry[newCapacity];

        modCount++;
        threshold = (int)Math.min(newCapacity * loadFactor, MAX_ARRAY_SIZE + 1);
        boolean rehash = initHashSeedAsNeeded(newCapacity);

        table = newMap;
        // 对原来数组中的所有Entry元素重新排序放到新的数组中
        for (int i = oldCapacity ; i-- > 0 ;) {
            for (Entry<K,V> old = oldMap[i] ; old != null ; ) {
                Entry<K,V> e = old;
                old = old.next;

                if (rehash) {
                    e.hash = hash(e.key);
                }
                int index = (e.hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % newCapacity;
                e.next = newMap[index];
                newMap[index] = e;
            }
        }
    }

3.2 remove（K key）:从hash表中移除该键及对应的值

 public synchronized V remove(Object key) {
        Entry tab[] = table;
        int hash = hash(key);
        // 先根据key值获取对应下标
        int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
        // 循环该下标下所有的元素，找出key的hash值相同，并且e.key.equals(key)的元素，将其删除 
        for (Entry<K,V> e = tab[index], prev = null ; e != null ; prev = e, e = e.next) {
            if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {
                modCount++;
                if (prev != null) {
                    prev.next = e.next;
                } else {
                    tab[index] = e.next;
                }
                count--;
                V oldValue = e.value;
                e.value = null;
                return oldValue;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

3.3 V  get(K key):返回指定键映射的Value值

   public synchronized V get(Object key) {
        // 根据key找到对应数组中的下标，然后再将key值和数组中该下标下对应的所有元素进行比较，如果key的哈希值相同，并且key相等，那么该Entry元素就是所要找的
        Entry tab[] = table;
        int hash = hash(key);
        int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
        for (Entry<K,V> e = tab[index] ; e != null ; e = e.next) {
            if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {
                return e.value;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

HashTable和HashMap源码部分相差不大，最主要的区别就是HashTable是使用了synchronized关键字，保证了线程安全。