一.re模块
import re # 1. w:匹配一个字符，该字符可以是字母、数字、或下划线 # res = re.findall("w", "aBc123_ *()-=") # # w # print(res) # res = re.findall("abc", "abc ab123 aa1 bc12abc3") # abc # print(res) # ["abc","abc"] # 2、W:匹配一个字符，该字符可以任意非字母、数字、或下划线 # res = re.findall("W", "aBc123_ *()-=") # W # print(res) # 3、d:匹配一个字符，该字符是任意数字 # res = re.findall("d", "aBc123_ *()-=") # d # print(res) # 4、D:匹配一个字符，该字符是任意非数字 # res = re.findall("D", "aBc12.3_ *()-=") # print(res) # 5、s:匹配一个字符，该字符是任意空白字符 # res = re.findall("s", "aBc12.3_ *() -=") # print(res) # 6、S:匹配一个字符，该字符是任意非空白字符 # res = re.findall("S", "aBc12.3_ *() -=") # print(res) # 7、 :只匹配换行符 # res = re.findall(" ", "aBc12.3_ *() -=") # print(res) # 8、 :只匹配制表符 # res = re.findall(" ", "aBc12.3_ *() -=") # print(res) # 9、^：从头开始匹配 # res = re.findall("abc", "abc ab123 aa1 bc12abc3") # res = re.findall("^abc", "abc ab123 aa1 bc12abc3") # res = re.findall("^abc", "a1c ab123 aa1 bc12abc3") # ^abc # print(res) # 10、$：从末尾开始匹配 # res = re.findall("abc$", "a1c ab123 aa1 bc12abc3") # res = re.findall("abc$", "a1c ab123 aa1 bc12abc") # abc$ # print(res) # res = re.findall("^egon$", "egon") # egon # print(res) # 11 .:匹配一个字符,该字符可以是任意字符,换行符除外 # res = re.findall("a.c", "abc a1c a2c a c a+c aaaaaaac") # a.c # print(res) # ["abc","a1c","a2c","a c","a+c","aac"] # res = re.findall("a.c", "abc a1c a2c a c a+c aaaaaaac a c",re.DOTALL) # print(res) #12 []:匹配一个字符,但是我们可以指定该字符的范围 # res = re.findall("a[b1]c", "abc a1c a2c a c a+c aaaaaaac") # res = re.findall("a[0-9]c", "abc a1c a2c a c a+c aaaaaaac") # res = re.findall("adc", "abc a1c a2c a c a+c aaaaaaac a c") # res = re.findall("a[a-z]c", "abc aAc aBc a1c a2c a c a+c aaaaaaac") # res = re.findall("a[A-Z]c", "abc aAc aBc a1c a2c a c a+c aaaaaaac") # res = re.findall("a[^0-9]c", "abc a1c a2c a c a+c aaaaaaac a c") # res = re.findall("a[-+*/]c", "a*c a+c a-c a/c") # print(res) # 下述字符不能独立使用,必须跟其他符号配合使用,代表左侧字符连续出现几次 # 13 ?: 左侧哪一个字符出现0次或者1次 # res = re.findall("ab?",'a ab abb abbb abbbb bbbb') # ab? # print(res) # ["a","ab","ab","ab","ab"] # 14 *: 左侧哪一个字符出现0次或者无穷次 # res = re.findall("ab*",'a ab abb abbb abbbb bbba') # ab* # print(res) # ["a","ab","abb","abbb","abbbb",'a'] # 15 +:左侧哪一个字符出现1次或者无穷次 # res = re.findall("ab+",'a ab abb abbb abbbb bbba') # ab+ # print(res) # ["ab","abb","abbb","abbbb"] # 16 {n,m}:左侧那一个字符出现n到m次 # res = re.findall("ab{2,5}",'a ab abb abbb abbbb abbbbbb bbba') # ab{2,5} # print(res) # ["abb","abbb","abbbb","abbbbb"] # res = re.findall("ab{2}",'a ab abb abbb abbbb abbbbbb bbba') # ab{2} # print(res) # res = re.findall("ab{0,1}",'a ab abb abbb abbbb abbbbbb bbba') # res = re.findall("ab{0,}",'a ab abb abbb abbbb abbbbbb bbba') # res = re.findall("ab{1,}",'a ab abb abbb abbbb abbbbbb bbba') #17 .*: 匹配任意个数的字符,贪婪 # res = re.findall("a.*c",'123 a13+dadsc45788lkdc 123213') # a.*c # print(res) # 把*变成非贪婪:.*? # res = re.findall("a.*?c",'123 a13+dadsc45788lkdc 123213') # print(res) # res = re.findall("a.*c",'a123c a13+dadsc45788lkdc 123213') # print(res) # res = re.findall("a.*?c",'a123c a13+dadsc45788lkdc 123213') # a.*?c # print(res) # 18 分组 # html='<a href="https://www.baidu.com">"点击我啊"</a><a href="https://www.sina.com.cn">"点击我啊"</a>' # print(re.findall('href=".*?"',html)) # print(re.findall('href="(.*?)"',html)) #17 |:或者 # res = re.findall("compan(?:ies|y)","Too many companies have gone bankrupt, and the next one is my company") # compan(ies|y) # print(res) # re模块的方法 # res=re.findall("a.c",'abc a1c a2c') # print(res) # res=re.search("a.c",'asadf123c a1c a2c') # print(res) # print(res.group()) # res=re.search("adddd",'asadf123c a1c a2c') # print(res) # res=re.search("a.c",'1 abc a1c a2c') # print(res) # res=re.match("a.c",'1 abc a1c a2c') # 等同于re.search("^a.c",'1 abc a1c a2c') # print(res) # pattern = re.compile('href="(.*?)"') # # res=pattern.findall('<a href="https://www.baidu.com">"点击我啊"</a><a href="https://www.sina.com.cn">"点击我啊"</a>') # print(res) # print(re.findall("<w+>w+</w+>","<h1>hello</h2>")) # print(re.findall("<(?P<tag_name>w+)>w+</(?P=tag_name)>","<h1>hello</h1>")) # print(re.search("<(?P<tag_name>w+)>w+</(?P=tag_name)>","<h1>hello</h2>")) # 零宽度断言 # res = re.findall("egon(?=100|N)(?=N)N123","egonN123") # egon(?=100|N)(?=N)N123 # print(res) # print(re.findall("egon(?=100|N)(?=N)N123","egonN123")) # print(re.findall("egon(?=100|N)(?=N)123","egonN123")) # egon(?=100|N)(?=N)123 # # pwd_pattern= re.compile("(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[0-9])(?=.*[!@#%&])^([a-zA-Z0-9!@#%&]){6,}$") # # res=pwd_pattern.search("12Aa#") # print(res) # # text ='site sea sue sweet see case sse ssee loses' # print(re.findall(r'sS*?e',text)) # print(re.findall(r'sS*?e',text))
二、time模块
在Python中，通常有这几种方式来表示时间： 时间戳(timestamp)：通常来说，时间戳表示的是从1970年1月1日00:00:00开始按秒计算的偏移量。我们运行“type(time.time())”，返回的是float类型。 格式化的时间字符串(Format String) 结构化的时间(struct_time)：struct_time元组共有9个元素共九个元素:(年，月，日，时，分，秒，一年中第几周，一年中第几天，夏令时)
import time # 1、时间戳:用于时间计算 # print(time.time()) # 2、格式化的字符：用于显示 # print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %p")) # print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %X")) # 3、结构化的时间:单独获取时间的某一部分 # res=time.localtime() # print(res) # res=time.gmtime() # print(res) # print(res) # print(res.tm_mday) # print(res.tm_yday) # 4、时间转换 # 时间戳-》结构化的时间-》格式化的字符串 # struct_t = time.localtime(13123123) # print(struct_t) # res = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %p",struct_t) # print(res) # 格式化的字符串-》结构化的时间-》时间戳 # s="1970-06-03 11:11:11" # struct_t = time.strptime(s,"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") # res=time.mktime(struct_t) # print(res) import datetime print(datetime.datetime.now()) # res=datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=3,hours=3) res=datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=-3,hours=-3) print(res)
%a Locale’s abbreviated weekday name. %A Locale’s full weekday name. %b Locale’s abbreviated month name. %B Locale’s full month name. %c Locale’s appropriate date and time representation. %d Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31]. %H Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23]. %I Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12]. %j Day of the year as a decimal number [001,366]. %m Month as a decimal number [01,12]. %M Minute as a decimal number [00,59]. %p Locale’s equivalent of either AM or PM. (1) %S Second as a decimal number [00,61]. (2) %U Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0. (3) %w Weekday as a decimal number [0(Sunday),6]. %W Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0. (3) %x Locale’s appropriate date representation. %X Locale’s appropriate time representation. %y Year without century as a decimal number [00,99]. %Y Year with century as a decimal number. %z Time zone offset indicating a positive or negative time difference from UTC/GMT of the form +HHMM or -HHMM, where H represents decimal hour digits and M represents decimal minute digits [-23:59, +23:59]. %Z Time zone name (no characters if no time zone exists). %% A literal '%' character. 格式化字符串的时间格式
时间戳转换关系图:
三、random模块
import random # print(random.random()) # print(random.uniform(1,3)) # print(random.randint(1,3)) # print(random.randrange(1,3)) # print(random.choice([1,"a","b"])) # print(random.sample([1,"a","b"],2)) # item=[10,"a",4,111] # random.shuffle(item) # print(item) def make_code(n=6): res = '' for i in range(n): num=str(random.randint(0,9)) char=chr(random.randint(65,90)) res+=random.choice([num,char]) return res print(make_code())
四、os模块
import os # print(os.listdir('.')) # file_path=r"C:/a/b/c/c.txt" # res=os.system("tasklisst") # print("===>",res) # import os # os.environ['k1']='111111' # # print(os.environ) # print(__file__) # res=os.path.split(__file__) # print(res) # print(os.path.dirname(__file__)) # print(os.path.basename(__file__)) # print(os.path.exists(r'D:weekend_s7day08')) # print(os.path.exists(r'D:weekend_s7day08 4 os模块.py')) # print(os.path.isfile(r'D:weekend_s7day08 4 os模块.py')) # print(os.path.isdir(r'D:weekend_s7day08')) # res = os.path.join('C:\','a',"D:\",'b','c.txt') res = os.path.join('/','a','/b','c.txt') # print(res) # print(os.path.normcase(res)) # print(os.path.normcase('c:/windows\system32\') ) # print(os.path.normpath('c://windows\System32\../Temp/')) # 方法一： # BASE_DIR=os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)) # print(BASE_DIR) # 方法二：（了解） # res=os.path.join( # __file__, # D:weekend_s7day08 4 os模块.py # "..", # "..", # ) # print(os.path.normpath(res)) print(os.path.getsize(__file__))
五、sys模块
''' 1 sys.argv 命令行参数List，第一个元素是程序本身路径 2 sys.exit(n) 退出程序，正常退出时exit(0) 3 sys.version 获取Python解释程序的版本信息 4 sys.maxint 最大的Int值 5 sys.path 返回模块的搜索路径，初始化时使用PYTHONPATH环境变量的值 6 sys.platform 返回操作系统平台名称 '''
六、shutil模块
import tarfile # t=tarfile.open('aaa.tar','w') # t.add("01 re模块.py",arcname="a.py") # t.add("02 时间模块.py",arcname="b.py") # t.close() # t=tarfile.open('aaa.tar','r') # t.extractall(r'bak/') # t.close()
七、shelve模块
import shelve # f=shelve.open('db.txt') # print(f["123"]['a']) # f['123']={"name":'egon','age':18,'gender':"male",'is_admin':True,"a":{1,2,3}} # f['456']={"name":'egon1','age':19,'gender':"female",'is_admin':False} # f.close()
八、configparser模块
#注释1 ; 注释2 [section1] k1 = v1 k2:v2 user=egon age=18 is_admin=true salary=31 [section2] k1 = v1
import configparser config=configparser.ConfigParser() config.read('my.ini') # print(config.sections()) # res=config.get("section1","k2") # print(res,type(res)) print(config.items('section1')) # res=config.get("section1","age") # res=config.get("section1","is_admin") # print(res,type(res)) # res=config.getboolean('section1','is_admin') # res=config.getint('section1','age') # res=config.getfloat('section1','salary') # print(res,type(res)) # d=eval("{'k':123}") # d=eval("True") # eval("print('123131231313')")
九、hashlib模块
# 一： hash是一种算法，该算法用于校验文本然后得到一串hash值，hash值有三个特点： # 1、使用hash算法固定，传入的内容一样，得到的hash值一定一样 # 2、不能通过hash值反解出原内容 # 3、只要使用的hash算法固定，hash值的长度就固定了，不会随着传入内容的增多而变长 # 二：hash算法的两种用途： # 1+2=》传输密文密码 # 1+3=》文件完整性校验 # 三：使用 import hashlib # m1 = hashlib.md5() # m1.update(b"hello") # m1.update(b"world") # print(m1.hexdigest()) # # m2 = hashlib.md5() # m2.update(b"h") # m2.update(b"ell") # m2.update(b"ow") # m2.update(b"or") # m2.update(b"ld") #b"helloworld" # print(m2.hexdigest()) # m=hashlib.md5() # m.update("西北连天一片云".encode('utf-8')) # m.update(b"egon123") # m.update("乌鸦落在凤凰群".encode('utf-8')) # print(m.hexdigest()) # m=hashlib.md5() # with open(r'01 re模块.py',mode='rb') as f: # # m.update(f.read()) # for line in f: # m.update(line) # hash_value=m.hexdigest() # print(hash_value) import hmac h=hmac.new(b'hello',digestmod='md5') h.update(b'world') print(h.hexdigest())
十、subprocess模块
import subprocess obj = subprocess.Popen('disdfr;pwd',shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE ) # print('============>',obj) stdout=obj.stdout.read() stderr=obj.stderr.read() print(stdout.decode('gbk')) print('='*100) print(stderr.decode('gbk')) # ps aux | grep nginx