day 34 编程之补充内容

生产消费者模型(必须要理解并且牢记,默写内容):

from multiprocessing import Process,Queue
import time,random,os

def procducer(q):
    for i in range(10):
        res='包子%s' %i
        time.sleep(0.5)
        q.put(res)
        print('%s 生产了 %s' %(os.getpid(),res))

def consumer(q):
    while True:
        res=q.get()
        if res is None:
            break
        print('%s 吃 %s' %(os.getpid(),res))
        time.sleep(random.randint(2,3))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    q=Queue()
    p=Process(target=procducer,args=(q,))
    c=Process(target=consumer,args=(q,))

    p.start()
    c.start()

    p.join()
    q.put(None)
    print('')
View Code

今日概要:

1 守护进程vs守护线程(*

2 互斥锁(**

3 信号量(**

4 生产者消费者模型(*****

5 GIL(什么时候用进程,什么时候用线程)(*****) ===========>这里明天讲

 

守护进程和守护线程:

# #守护进程
# from multiprocessing import Process
# import os,time,random
#
# def task():
#     print('%s is running' %os.getpid())
#     time.sleep(2)
#     print('%s is done' %os.getpid())
#     # p = Process(target=time.sleep, args=(3,))
#     # p.start()
#
# if __name__ == '__main__':
#     p=Process(target=task)
#     p.daemon = True #1、必须在p.start()之前 2:守护进程不能开启子进程
#     p.start()
#     # p.join()
#     print('主')
#
#     '''
#     举例说明守护进程的应用场景:
#         假设有两个任务要干,要玩出并发的效果,使用进程的话可以让主进程
#         执行一个任务,然后开启一个子进程执行一个任务。
#
#         如果这两个任务毫无关系,那么就像上面这么做就可以
#         如果主进程的任务在执行完毕后,子进程的任务没有存在的意义了
#         那么该子进程应该在开启之前就被设置成守护进程
#     '''


#迷惑人的例子
#主进程代码运行完毕,守护进程就会结束
# from multiprocessing import Process
# from threading import Thread
# import time
# def foo():
#     print(123)
#     time.sleep(1)
#     print("end123")
#
# def bar():
#     print(456)
#     time.sleep(3)
#     print("end456")
#
# if __name__ == '__main__':
#     p1=Process(target=foo)
#     p2 = Process(target=bar)
#
#     p1.daemon=True
#     p1.start()
#     p2.start()
#     print("main-------") #打印该行则主进程代码结束,则守护进程p1应该被终止,可能会有p1任务执行的打印信息123,因为主进程打印main----时,p1也执行了,但是随即被终止
#





# # #守护线程:等到该进程内所有非守护线程都运行完才死掉
# from multiprocessing import Process
# from threading import Thread
# import os,time,random
#
# def task():
#     # t=Thread(target=time.sleep,args=(3,))
#     # t.start()
#     print('%s is running' %os.getpid())
#     time.sleep(2)
#     print('%s is done' %os.getpid())
#
# if __name__ == '__main__':
#     t=Thread(target=task)
#     t.daemon = True #1、必须在t.start()之前
#     t.start()
#     # t.join()
#     print('主')


#迷惑人的例子
#主进程代码运行完毕,守护进程就会结束
from multiprocessing import Process
from threading import Thread
import time
def foo():
    print(123)
    time.sleep(1)
    print("end123")

def bar():
    print(456)
    time.sleep(3)
    print("end456")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    t1=Thread(target=foo)
    t2 = Thread(target=bar)

    t1.daemon=True
    t1.start()
    t2.start()
    print("main-------")

'''
123
456
main-------
end123
end456
'''
View Code

理解补充:

这里的的意思就是:我们要开启守护进程,开启的方式要在start之前开启,然后用固定格式开启,
# 开启之后的结果就是,守护进程是等待主进程执行完了自己的代码之后就会挂掉,至于主进程里面的其他的子进程就不考虑了,
# 即便那些子进程还没有执行完成我们也不会去继续执行了,程序到主进程执行完成后就结束了,这里就是守护进程的作用.
# 至于他的应用场景,就是在实现并发的情况下,我们在主进程里面需要开启其他的进程来帮助我们执行任务,这些任务彼此之间是有关联的,
# 我们只需要在主进程执行完后就不需要其他的子进程继续去执行了,
这个时候我们的子进程就需要被设置为守护进程



互斥锁--------进程:
from multiprocessing import Process,Lock
import os,time,random

def task(mutex):
    mutex.acquire()
    print('%s print 1' %os.getpid())
    time.sleep(random.randint(1,3))
    print('%s print 2' %os.getpid())
    time.sleep(random.randint(1, 3))
    print('%s print 3' %os.getpid())
    mutex.release()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # p1=Process(target=task)
    # p2=Process(target=task)
    # p3=Process(target=task)
    # p1.start()
    # p1.join()
    # p2.start()
    # p2.join()
    # p3.start()
    # p3.join()

    mutex=Lock()
    p1=Process(target=task,args=(mutex,))
    p2=Process(target=task,args=(mutex,))
    p3=Process(target=task,args=(mutex,))
    p1.start()
    p2.start()
    p3.start()
View Code

锁进程的时候,当主进程执行完毕后,守护进程立即挂掉,即便此时还有没有执行完了子进程也不会去执行了,整个程序立即结束

互斥锁-------------线程:

from threading import Thread,Lock
import time
n=100

def task():
    # global n
    # mutex.acquire()
    # temp=n
    # time.sleep(0.1)
    # n=temp-1
    # mutex.release()

    global n
    with mutex:
        temp=n
        time.sleep(0.1)
        n=temp-1



if __name__ == '__main__':
    mutex=Lock()
    t_l=[]
    for i in range(100):
        t=Thread(target=task)
        t_l.append(t)
        t.start()

    for t in t_l:
        t.join()

    print(n)
View Code

线程里面有两种情况,如果主线程执行完了此时守护线程还没有完,就会立即挂掉,但是,如果主线程已经完了,守护线程还没有完,那么它作为守护线程也会挂掉.

这里有一个例子,可以加深对于锁的理解:

from multiprocessing import Process,Lock
import json
import os
import time
import random

# import json
# with open('db.txt','w',encoding='utf-8') as f:
#     json.dump({'count':1},f)
# 在程序运行前先运行一下这上面的三行代码
def search():
    with open('db.txt',encoding='utf-8') as f:
        dic=json.load(f)
        print('%s 剩余票数 %s' %(os.getpid(),dic['count']))

def get():
    with open('db.txt',encoding='utf-8') as read_f:
        dic=json.load(read_f)

    if dic['count'] > 0:
        dic['count']-=1
        time.sleep(random.randint(1,3)) #模拟手速+网速
        with open('db.txt','w',encoding='utf-8') as write_f:
            json.dump(dic,write_f)
            print('%s 抢票成功' %os.getpid())

def task(mutex):
    search()
    mutex.acquire()
    get()
    mutex.release()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # for i in range(20):
    #     p=Process(target=task)
    #     p.start()
    #     p.join()

    mutex = Lock()
    for i in range(10):
        p = Process(target=task, args=(mutex, ))
        p.start()
View Code

信号量(理解即可,不必深究):

from multiprocessing import Process,Semaphore
# from threading import Thread,Semaphore
import time,random,os

def task(sm):
    with sm:
        print('%s 上厕所' %os.getpid())
        time.sleep(random.randint(1,3))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    sm=Semaphore(3)
    for i in range(10):
        p=Process(target=task,args=(sm,))
        p.start()


# 这里是信号量,它跟进程池就是多了一个锁的概念,资源抢占,相当于是在一个公司里有很多# 人要干活,
# 每个人的分工不同,大家平日里都是各做各的事情,但是大家都会牵扯到使用打印机的情况,当大家都扎堆使用打印机的时候,
# 这里就牵扯到了信号量的概念,打印机只有3个,但是使用它的人却源源不断理解到这即可
View Code

队列,堆栈,优先级:

from multiprocessing import Queue #进程队列

# q=Queue(3)
#
# q.put({'a':1})
# q.put('xxxxx')
# q.put(3)
# q.put(4)


# print(q.get())
# print(q.get())
# print(q.get())
# print(q.get())



import queue #线程队列

#队列
# q=queue.Queue(3)
# q.put({'a':1})
# q.put('xxxxx')
# q.put(3)
# q.put(4)

# print(q.get())
# print(q.get())
# print(q.get())
# print(q.get())

#优先级队列
# q=queue.PriorityQueue(3)
# q.put((10,{'a':1}))
# q.put((-1,'xxxxx'))
# q.put((0,3))
# # q.put(4)
#
# print(q.get())
# print(q.get())
# print(q.get())
# print(q.get())



#堆栈
# q=queue.LifoQueue(3)
# q.put({'a':1})
# q.put('xxxxx')
# q.put(3)
# # q.put(4)
#
# print(q.get())
# print(q.get())
# print(q.get())
# print(q.get())
View Code
 
# #pip install requests
# import requests
# from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor,ProcessPoolExecutor
# from threading import current_thread
# import time
# import os
#
# def get(url):
# print('%s GET %s' %(os.getpid(),url))
# response=requests.get(url)
# time.sleep(3)
# if response.status_code == 200:
# return {'url':url,'text':response.text}
#
# def parse(obj):
# res=obj.result()
# print('[%s] <%s> (%s)' % (os.getpid(), res['url'],len(res['text'])))
#
# if __name__ == '__main__':
# urls = [
# 'https://www.python.org',
# 'https://www.baidu.com',
# 'https://www.jd.com',
# 'https://www.tmall.com',
# ]
# # t=ThreadPoolExecutor(2)
# t=ProcessPoolExecutor(2)
# for url in urls:
# t.submit(get,url).add_done_callback(parse)
# t.shutdown(wait=True)
#
# print('',os.getpid())

# '''
# 异步调用:
# 提交完任务(为该任务绑定一个回调函数),不用再原地等任务执行完毕拿到结果,可以直接提交下一个任务
# 一个任务一旦执行完毕就会自动触发回调函数的运行
#
# 回调函数的参数是单一的:
# 回调函数的参数就是它所绑定任务的返回值
#
# '''


#pip install requests

import requests
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor,ProcessPoolExecutor
from threading import current_thread
import time
import os

def get(url):
print('%s GET %s' %(current_thread().getName(),url))
response=requests.get(url)
time.sleep(3)
if response.status_code == 200:
return {'url':url,'text':response.text}

def parse(obj):
res=obj.result()
print('[%s] <%s> (%s)' % (current_thread().getName(), res['url'],len(res['text'])))

if __name__ == '__main__':
urls = [
'https://www.python.org',
'https://www.baidu.com',
'https://www.jd.com',
'https://www.tmall.com',
]
t=ThreadPoolExecutor(2)
for url in urls:
t.submit(get,url).add_done_callback(parse)
t.shutdown(wait=True)

print('',os.getpid())
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/2012-dream/p/7979555.html