BIO NIO编程

首先明确Socket通信模型

 Socket通信实现步骤

  1. 创建ServerSocket和Socket
  2. 打开连接到的Socket的输入/输出流
  3. 按照协议对Socket进行读/写操作
  4. 关闭输入输出流，以及Socket

BIO编程流程

服务端：

  1. 创建ServerSocket实例
  2. 绑定端口
  3. 通过accept来监听客户端的连接，有客户端连接会返回socket实例
  4. 进行读写操作
  5. 关闭资源

客户端：

  1. 创建socket实例
  2. 通过connect并指定服务端的IP+端口连接服务端
  3. 进行读写操作
  4. 关闭资源

客户端发送一个消息，服务端回复一个同样的消息的实现

服务端：

public class BIOServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket ssocket = null;
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
        OutputStream outputStream = null;
        Socket accept = null;
        try {
            ssocket = new ServerSocket();
            //端口绑定
            ssocket.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8888));
            System.out.println("服务端启动了！");
            //监听
            accept = ssocket.accept();
            System.out.println("客户端："+accept.getRemoteSocketAddress()+"连接上了");
            while (true) {
                //读取客户端消息
                bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(accept.getInputStream()));
                String msg = bufferedReader.readLine();
                if(msg.equals("exit")) break;
                System.out.println("客户端" + accept.getRemoteSocketAddress() + "发来消息：" + msg);
                //给客户端恢复消息
                outputStream = accept.getOutputStream();
                outputStream.write(("回复：" + msg + "
").getBytes());
            }

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            //释放资源
            if(ssocket != null) ssocket.close();
            if(accept != null) accept.close();
            if(bufferedReader != null) bufferedReader.close();
            if(outputStream != null) outputStream.close();
            System.out.println("服务端关闭");
        }

    }
}

客户端：

public class BIOClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream outputStream = null;
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
        try {
            //绑定端口和地址
            socket = new Socket();
            socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8888));
            System.out.println("连接服务端成功！");
            while (true) {
                //给客户端发消息
                outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
                Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
                System.out.println("请输入消息：");
                String msg = scanner.nextLine();
                if(msg.equals("exit"))break;
                outputStream.write((msg+ "
").getBytes());
                //刷出缓存
                outputStream.flush();

                //读取客户端消息
                bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
                System.out.println("服务端" + bufferedReader.readLine());
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            //释放资源
            if(socket != null) socket.close();
            if(bufferedReader != null) bufferedReader.close();
            if(outputStream != null) outputStream.close();
            System.out.println("客户端端关闭");
        }
    }
}

BIO是同步阻塞模型，其阻塞体现在：

  • accept()：阻塞接收客户端的连接
  • read() /write()
  • connect()：和服务端建立连接（三次握手），连接的过程中connect会阻塞

BIO的多个客户端的处理（多线程）：

 客户端无需改变，服务端如下：

public class TServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket ssocket = null;
        Socket accept = null;
        try {
            ssocket = new ServerSocket();
            //端口绑定
            ssocket.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8888));
            System.out.println("服务端启动了！");
            while (true) {
            //监听,等待多个客户端连接
            accept = ssocket.accept();
            System.out.println("客户端："+accept.getRemoteSocketAddress()+"连接上了");
            //将Socket实例交给子线程处理
            new TServer().new ServerHanlder(accept).start();
            }

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            //释放资源
            if(ssocket != null) ssocket.close();
            if(accept != null) accept.close();
            System.out.println("服务端关闭");
        }

    }
    class ServerHanlder extends Thread{
        private Socket socket;
        private BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
        private OutputStream outputStream = null;
        public ServerHanlder(Socket socket){
            this.socket = socket;
        }
        @Override
        public void run() {

            //读取客户端消息
            try {
                while (true) {
                bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
                String msg = bufferedReader.readLine();
                    //程序结束条件
                    if("exit".equals(msg)) break;
                    System.out.println("客户端" + socket.getRemoteSocketAddress() + "发来消息：" + msg);
                    //给客户端恢复消息
                    outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
                    outputStream.write(("回复：" + msg + "
").getBytes());
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }finally {
                if (bufferedReader != null) {
                    try {
                        bufferedReader.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                if(outputStream != null) {
                    try {
                        outputStream.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                System.out.println("客户端："+socket.getRemoteSocketAddress()+"关闭了");
            }

        }
    }
}

      在多个用户的连接情况下，为了达到服务端处理的并发量，就需要对每一个用户的连接要分配一个新线程来处理，但是线程资源时有限的，不能无限制的创建出新的资源，那么对于高并发的支持也就大打折扣了。

NIO编程流程

服务端：

  1. 实例化通道：ServerSocketChannel
  2. 绑定端口：通过ServerSocketChannel实例调用bindI()方法绑定端口
  3. 将ServerSocketChannel设置为非阻塞
  4. 实例化选择器（IO复用器）Selector
  5. 将ServerSocketChannel注册给选择器，并且关注accept事件
  6. 监听事件是否完成，selector.select,如果事件未完成则一直阻塞直到事件完成
  7. 获取已完成事件的集合并遍历，判断是否是accept事件，是，则调用accept方法，获取SocketChannel通道
  8. 设置SocketChannel为非阻塞，并将SocketChannel注册到选择器Selector，并关注read事件
  9. 监听事件是否完成，若有事件完成，则判断是否是read读事件
  10. 通过SocketChannel通道读取数据（Buffer中），读完数据循环事件监听，即步骤6
  11. 关闭资源：ServerSocketChannel，SocketChannel，Selector

客户端：

  1. 实例化通道：SocketChannel
  2. 设置SocketChannel为非阻塞
  3. 实例化复用器：Selector
  4. 连接服务器connect()(该方法不会阻塞直接返回结果，返回为Boolean，是否连接成功)
  5. 若返回为false，则将SocketChannel注册到复用器中，并监听connect可读事件
  6. 监听复用器事件是否完成（Selector.select）,判断完成集合中是否有可连接事件，将可连接事件完成（channel.finishConnet()）
  7. 给服务端发送消息，channel.write()操作
  8. 关闭资源：selector、SocketChannel

服务端：

public class NIOServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = null;
        try {
            //创建ServerSocketChannel通道实例
            serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();

            //绑定端口
            serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(9998));
            System.out.println("服务端启动了");

            //将serverSocketChannel设置为非阻塞  configureBlocking设置阻塞非阻塞 false:非阻塞  true：阻塞
            serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);

            //创建selector选择器
            Selector selector = Selector.open();

            //将通道serverSocketChannel注册到选择器selector，关注可接受事件
            serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);

            //等待监听结果,调用选择器的select阻塞等待，直到有事件发生才返回
            while (selector.select() > 0) {
                Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
                while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                    SelectionKey selectionKey = iterator.next();
                    iterator.remove();
                    //是否是可接受事件
                    if (selectionKey.isAcceptable()) {
                        System.out.println("可接受事件");
                        //有新用户连接
                        ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel1 = (ServerSocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();

                        //接受客户端的连接,通过accept（不在阻塞）接受一个SocketChannel通道
                        SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel1.accept();

                        //设置socketChannel为非阻塞
                        socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);

                        //将socketChannel注册到选择器selector选择器，关注可读事件
                        socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
                    }

                    //是否是可读事件
                    if (selectionKey.isReadable()) {
                        System.out.println("可读事件");

                        //获取SocketChannel通道
                        SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();

                        //创建Buffer
                        ByteBuffer buffer = allocate(100);
                        //进行读取操作
                        socketChannel.read(buffer);
                        //进行读写模式的切换
                        buffer.flip();
                        //将数据从Buffer中读取
                        byte[] bytes = new byte[buffer.remaining()];
                        buffer.get(bytes);
                        String msg = new String(bytes, 0, bytes.length);

                        //打印结果
                        System.out.println("客户端："+socketChannel.getRemoteAddress()+msg);
                        if(msg.equals("")){
                            socketChannel.close();
                        }

                    }
                }
            }


        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //关闭资源
            try {
                if (serverSocketChannel != null) {
                    serverSocketChannel.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

}

客户端：

public class NIOClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SocketChannel socketChannel = null;
        try {
            //创建SocketChannel通道
            socketChannel = SocketChannel.open();

            //设置socketChannel为非阻塞
            socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);

            //创建Selector选择器
            Selector selector = Selector.open();

            //主动的进行连接，connect操作不在会阻塞，会直接返回，如果连接成功返回true ，连接还未完成返回false
            if (!socketChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",9998))) {
                //当前连接操作未完成
                //将SocketChannel注册到选择器，并关注可连接事件
                socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT);

                //等待连接完成
                selector.select();

                Iterator <SelectionKey> iterator = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
                while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                    SelectionKey selectionKey = iterator.next();
                    iterator.remove();

                    //是否是可连接事件
                    if (selectionKey.isConnectable()) {
                        //可连接事件完成
                        SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
                        //连接操作完成
                        channel.finishConnect();
                    }
                }
            }

            //连接成功,给服务端发送消息
            ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(100);
            //将发送的数据写到Buffer中
            buffer.put("hello
".getBytes());
            //读写模式的切换
            buffer.flip();
            socketChannel.write(buffer);

            //关闭资源
            selector.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (socketChannel != null) {
                try {
                    socketChannel.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

客户端发送一个消息，服务端回复一个同样的消息的实现

 服务端：

public class NIOServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = null;
        try {
            //创建ServerSocketChannel通道实例
            serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();

            //绑定端口
            serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(9998));
            System.out.println("服务端启动了");

            //将serverSocketChannel设置为非阻塞  configureBlocking设置阻塞非阻塞 false:非阻塞  true：阻塞
            serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);

            //创建selector选择器
            Selector selector = Selector.open();

            //将通道serverSocketChannel注册到选择器selector，关注可接受事件
            serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);

            //等待监听结果,调用选择器的select阻塞等待，直到有事件发生才返回
            while (selector.select() > 0) {
                Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
                while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                    SelectionKey selectionKey = iterator.next();
                    iterator.remove();
                    //是否是可接受事件
                    if (selectionKey.isAcceptable()) {
                        System.out.println("可接受事件");
                        //有新用户连接
                        ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel1 = (ServerSocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();

                        //接受客户端的连接,通过accept（不在阻塞）接受一个SocketChannel通道
                        SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel1.accept();

                        //设置socketChannel为非阻塞
                        socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);

                        //将socketChannel注册到选择器selector选择器，关注可读事件
                        socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
                    }

                    //是否是可读事件
                    if (selectionKey.isReadable()) {
                        System.out.println("可读事件");

                        //获取SocketChannel通道
                        SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();

                        //创建Buffer
                        ByteBuffer buffer = allocate(100);
                        //进行读取操作
                        socketChannel.read(buffer);
                        //进行读写模式的切换
                        buffer.flip();
                        //将数据从Buffer中读取
                        byte[] bytes = new byte[buffer.remaining()];
                        buffer.get(bytes);
                        String msg = new String(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
                        //给客户端回复消息
                        buffer.clear();
                        buffer.put(("服务端回复"+msg).getBytes());
                        buffer.flip();
                        socketChannel.write(buffer);
                        //打印结果
                        System.out.println("客户端："+socketChannel.getRemoteAddress()+msg);
                        if(msg.equals("") || "exit".equals(msg)){
                            selectionKey.cancel();
                            socketChannel.close();
                        }

                    }
                }
            }


        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //关闭资源
            try {
                if (serverSocketChannel != null) {
                    serverSocketChannel.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

}

客户端：

public class NIOClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SocketChannel socketChannel = null;
        try {
            //创建SocketChannel通道
            socketChannel = SocketChannel.open();

            //设置socketChannel为非阻塞
            socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);

            //创建Selector选择器
            Selector selector = Selector.open();

            //主动的进行连接，connect操作不在会阻塞，会直接返回，如果连接成功返回true ，连接还未完成返回false
            if (!socketChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",9998))) {
                //当前连接操作未完成
                //将SocketChannel注册到选择器，并关注可连接事件
                socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT);

                //等待连接完成
                selector.select();

                Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
                while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                    SelectionKey selectionKey = iterator.next();
                    iterator.remove();

                    //是否是可连接事件
                    if (selectionKey.isConnectable()) {
                        //可连接事件完成
                        SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
                        //连接操作完成
                        channel.finishConnect();
                    }
                }
            }

            //注册读事件
            socketChannel.register(selector,SelectionKey.OP_READ);
            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
            //连接成功,给服务端发送消息
            ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(100);
            while (scanner.hasNext()){
                String msg = scanner.nextLine();
                //将发送的数据写到Buffer中
                buffer.put((msg+"
").getBytes());
                //读写模式的切换
                buffer.flip();
                socketChannel.write(buffer);

                //关注服务端的读事件
                selector.select();
                Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
                while (iterator.hasNext()){
                    SelectionKey selectionKey = iterator.next();
                    //判断是否是可读事件
                    if(selectionKey.isReadable()){
                        SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
                        //读操作
                        buffer.clear();
                        channel.read(buffer);
                        //读写模式切换
                        buffer.flip();
                        byte[] bytes = new byte[buffer.remaining()];
                        buffer.get(bytes);
                        String s = new String(bytes);
                        System.out.println(s);
                    }
                }
                if("".equals(msg) || "exit".equals(msg)) break;
                    buffer.clear();   //每次使用需要清空，循环使用

            }



            //关闭资源
            selector.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (socketChannel != null) {
                try {
                    socketChannel.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

NIO+多线程

    NIO中一个selector可以关注多个用户的连接（即一个线程可以同时处理多个用户的通信），为了并发用户量能够处理更多，可以使用NIO+多线程的形式来处理；其主要处理思路是主线程接收来自客户端的连接（accept），子线程处理用户的IO操作，主线程接收到客户端连接Socketchannel通道，将SocketChannel交给子线程。并且应该在主线程和子线程中使用各自的Selector，假如主线程和子线程共用一个选择器，当处理来自客户端的请求是一个连接请求时，子线程恰好获取到，就会造成混乱。

服务端：

public class MTNIOServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = null;
        try {
            //创建ServerSocketChannel通道实例
            serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();

            //绑定端口
            serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(9998));
            System.out.println("服务端启动了");

            //将serverSocketChannel设置为非阻塞  configureBlocking设置阻塞非阻塞 false:非阻塞  true：阻塞
            serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);

            //创建selector选择器
            Selector selector = Selector.open();

            //将通道serverSocketChannel注册到选择器selector，关注可接受事件
            serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);

            //子线程以线程池的形式提供
            ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);

            //等待监听结果,调用选择器的select阻塞等待，直到有事件发生才返回
            while (selector.select() > 0) {
                Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
                while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                    SelectionKey selectionKey = iterator.next();
                    iterator.remove();
                    //是否是可接受事件
                    if (selectionKey.isAcceptable()) {
                        System.out.println("可接受事件");
                        //有新用户连接
                        ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel1 = (ServerSocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
                        //获取新用户channel
                        SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel1.accept();
                        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":客户端："+socketChannel.getRemoteAddress()+" 连接上了");

                        //将通道交给子线程
                        executorService.submit(new NIOServerHandler(socketChannel));

                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {

        }
    }
}



public class NIOServerHandler implements Runnable {
    //通过主线程将socketChannel获取到
    private SocketChannel socketChannel;
    //创建selector实例
    private Selector selector = null ;
    
    public NIOServerHandler(SocketChannel socketChannel) {
        this.socketChannel = socketChannel;
        try {
            //在一个子线程中只需要创建一个selector实例
            if (selector == null)
                selector = Selector.open();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            //将socketChannel设置为非阻塞
            socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);

            //将socketChannel注册到选择器中，并且关注可读事件
            socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);

            while (selector.select() > 0) {
                Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
                while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                    SelectionKey selectionKey = iterator.next();
                    iterator.remove();

                    //是否是可读事件
                    if (selectionKey.isReadable()) {
                        //获取SocketChannel通道
                        SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();

                        //创建Buffer
                        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(100);
                        //进行读取操作
                        socketChannel.read(buffer);
                        //进行读写模式的切换
                        buffer.flip();
                        //将数据从Buffer中读取
                        byte[] bytes = new byte[buffer.remaining()];
                        buffer.get(bytes);

                        String msg = new String(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
                        //给客户端回复消息
                        buffer.clear();
                        buffer.put(("客户端回复："+msg).getBytes());
                        //读写模式切换
                        buffer.flip();
                        //回复消息
                        socketChannel.write(buffer);

                        //打印结果
                        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"客户端："+socketChannel.getRemoteAddress()+" 消息："+msg);
                        if ("".equals(msg)|| "exit".equals(msg)){
                            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"客户端："+socketChannel.getRemoteAddress()+" 下线");
                            //当前注册的感兴趣事件取消
                            selectionKey.cancel();
                            //关闭通道
                            socketChannel.close();
                        }

                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

NIO相比于BIO，一个线程可以处理多个socket，NIO+多线程提高网络服务性能，降低线程的数量。在服务器端线程过多地影响：

  1. Java中创建线程，最终会映射到本地操作系统上的进程所对应的线程，Linux为例，fork是重量级的操作，系统开销大
  2. 多线程需要CPU调度，会有上下文的切换，线程过多时，上下文切换的时间会趋近于或大于线程本身业务执行的时间，CPU就存在浪费，降低了系统的性能
  3. 线程创建需要开辟线程私有的内空间，线程过多的话，为线程运行准备的内存就会占去很大一部分，真正用来分配还给业务的内存就大大减少，系统运行不可靠
  4. 线程过多的业务中，线程阻塞，等待网络事件的发生，如果一瞬间客户端的请求量比较大，系统会瞬间唤醒很多数量的线程，造成系统内存和CPU使用率居高不小，造成系统负载过高
【推广】 免费学中医，健康全家人
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/128-cdy/p/13202656.html