如何自己实现一个HTMLRunner

在使用unittest框架时,我们常常需要下载一个HTMLRunnerCN.py用来生成HTML格式的报告,那么我们能不能自己实现一个呢?

HTMLRunner是模仿unittest自带的TextTestRunner()实现的,我们先来看看TextTestRunner()的运行流程。

TextTestRunner使用方法

import unittest

suite = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover("./")

with open("report.txt", "w") as f:   # 将运行结果保存为txt文件
    unittest.TextTestRunner().run(suite)

运行流程

  1. TextTestRunner 内部实现了一个TextTestResult(继承自unittest.TestResult类)来记录测试结果
  2. TextTestRunner().run()实际调用suite(result)suite.run(result) (result用来记录结果)
  3. suite.run(result)会遍历suite中的用例,依次调用case(result)case.run(result)
  4. case.run(result)时,首先会调用result.testRun+=1然后执行用例方法testMethod(), 如果用例失败、出错、跳过则用例会分别调用result.addSuccess(),result.addFailure()等方法,在对应的result.failures,result.errors列表中添加用例信息,默认成功用例result中不处理
  5. 运行完返回result(测试结果对象)

unittest.TextTestRunner和网上的HTMLRunner都是基于stream流去写的文件,每执行一条用例,把对应的结果和信息写到流中,最后输出成文件,这种方法需要很多的细节控制,比较复杂。

我们可以采用解析执行完返回result结果,通过Jinjia2模板引擎渲染,将数据渲染到模板里,形成报告文件。

Jinjia2是一个三方包,可以将模板代码中的{{变量名}}等占位符将变量值渲染进去,支持循环和if判断。安装方法pip install jinjia2

实现步骤

  1. 首先我们要写个模板
TPL = '''
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>{{title}}</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h2>{{title}}</h2> 
        <h3>{{description}}</h3>
        <br/>
        <table border="1">
            {% for case in cases %}
            <tr>
                <td>{{case.name}}</td>
                <td>{{case.status}}</td>
                <td>{{case.exec_info}}</td>
            </tr>
            {% endfor %}
        </table>
    </body>
</html>
'''
  • {{title}},{{description}}能将传入的数据中的相应的变量值填充进去
  • {% for case in cases%} ...{% endfor %}遍历cases列表中每一个用例数据,每个生成一个表格行(<tr>...</tr>
  1. 自定义一个Result类
    由于默认的TestResult()将各种状态的用例分散存的,我们可以自定义一个Result类来处理用例成功、失败、出错执行的操作
class Result(unittest.TestResult):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.cases = []

    def addSuccess(self, test):
        self.cases.append({"name": test.id(), "status": "pass", "exec_info": ""})

    def addError(self, test, exec_info):
        self.cases.append({"name": test.id(), "status": "error",
                             "exec_info": self._exc_info_to_string(exec_info, test)
                          .replace("
", "<br/>")})

    def addFailure(self, test, exec_info):
        self.cases.append({"name": test.id(), "status": "fail",
                             "exec_info": self._exc_info_to_string(exec_info, test)
                          .replace("
", "<br/>")})

    def addSkip(self, test, reason):
        self.cases.append({"name": test.id(), "status": "skip", "exec_info": reason))
  • addSuccess等方法对应用例成功或其他状态时在result结果中的操作
  • _exec_info_to_string: 默认用例传过来的exec_info是Trackback对象
    ,需要转换为字符串,replace 转为网页的换行<br/>
  1. 实现我们的HTMLRunner
class HTMLRunner(object):
    def __init__(self, output, title="Test Report", description=""):
        self.file = output
        self.title = title
        self.description = description

    def run(self, suite):
        result = Result()   # 用于保存测试结果
        suite(result)  # 执行测试

        # 渲染数据到模板
        content = Template(TPL).render({"title": self.title,
                                        "description": self.description,
                                        "cases": result.cases})
        with open(self.file, "w") as f:
            f.write(content)  # 写入文件
        return result
  1. 使用方法(自己准备几条用例)
suite = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover("./")

HTMLRunner(output="report.html", 
           title="测试报告", 
           description="测试报告描述").run(suite)

生成的测试报告


 
测试报告

整体代码

美化格式,增加执行统计信息

import time
import unittest
from jinja2 import Template


TPL = '''
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>{{title}}</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.1.0/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <h1 class="pt-4">测试报告</h1>
    <h6>测试报告描述信息</h6>
    <h6>执行: {{run_num}} 通过: {{pass_num}} 失败: {{fail_num}} 出错: {{error_num}} 跳过: {{skipped_num}}</h6>
    <h6 class="pb-2">执行时间: {{duration}}s</h6>
    <table class="table table-striped">
        <thead><tr><th>用例名</th><th>状态</th><th>执行信息</th></tr></thead>
        <tbody>
            {% for case in cases %}
            <tr><td>{{case.name}}</td><td>{{case.status}}</td><td>{{case.exec_info}}</td></tr>
            {% endfor %}
        </tbody>
    </table>
</div>

</body>
</html>
'''


class Result(unittest.TestResult):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.success = []
        self.cases = []

    def addSuccess(self, test):
        self.success.append(test)
        self.cases.append({"name": test.id(), "status": "pass", "exec_info": ""})

    def addError(self, test, exec_info):
        self.errors.append((test, exec_info))
        self.cases.append({"name": test.id(), "status": "error",
                           "exec_info": self._exc_info_to_string(exec_info, test)
                          .replace("
", "<br/>")})

    def addFailure(self, test, exec_info):
        self.failures.append((test, exec_info))
        self.cases.append({"name": test.id(), "status": "fail",
                           "exec_info": self._exc_info_to_string(exec_info, test)
                          .replace("
", "<br/>")})

    def addSkip(self, test, exec_info):
        self.skipped.append((test, exec_info))
        self.cases.append({"name": test.id(), "status": "skip",
                           "exec_info": self._exc_info_to_string(exec_info, test)
                          .replace("
", "<br/>")})

    def addExpectedFailure(self, test, exec_info):
        self.success.append(test)
        self.cases.append({"name": test.id(), "status": "pass",
                           "exec_info": self._exc_info_to_string(exec_info, test)
                          .replace("
", "<br/>")})

    def addUnexpectedSuccess(self, test):
        self.failures.append((test, "UnexpectedSuccess"))
        self.cases.append({"name": test.id(), "status": "fail", "exec_info": "UnexpectedSuccess"})


class HTMLRunner(object):
    def __init__(self, output, title="Test Report", description=""):
        self.file = output
        self.title = title
        self.description = description

    def run(self, suite):
        result = Result()   # 用于保存测试结果
        start_time = time.time()
        suite(result)  # 执行测试
        duration = round(time.time() - start_time, 6)
        print(len(result.success), len(result.failures))
        # 渲染数据到模板
        content = Template(TPL).render({"title": self.title,
                                        "description": self.description,
                                        "cases": result.cases,
                                        "run_num": result.testsRun,
                                        "pass_num": len(result.success),
                                        "fail_num": len(result.failures),
                                        "skipped_num": len(result.skipped),
                                        "error_num": len(result.errors),
                                        "duration": duration})
        with open(self.file, "w") as f:
            f.write(content)  # 写入文件
        return result


if __name__ == "__main__":
    suite = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover("./")
    HTMLRunner(output="report.html",
               title="测试报告",
               description="测试报告描述").run(suite)
示例测试报告

作者:韩志超
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/036820d9c684

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/-wenli/p/13961667.html