python学习笔记-Day6(3)

代码书写原则:

1)不能重复写代码

2)写的代码要经常变更

编程模式概述

  • 面向过程:根据业务逻辑从上到下写垒代码
  • 函数式:将某功能代码封装到函数中,日后便无需重复编写,仅调用函数即可
  • 面向对象:对函数进行分类和封装,让开发“更快更好更强...”

面向对象编程

面向对象的三大特性:封装、继承和多态

一、封装

class Role(object):

    def __init__(self,name,role,weapon,life_value): #初始化
        self.name = name
        self.role = role
        self.weapon = weapon
        self.life_value = life_value
    def buy_weapon(self,weapon):
        print("%s is buying [%s]" %(self.name,weapon))
        self.weapon = weapon
#role 的实例
#把一个抽象的类变成一个具体对象的过程叫实例化
p1 = Role('Alan','Police','B10',100)
t1 = Role('Petter','Terrorist','B11',100)

p1.buy_weapon("AK47") #Role.bur_weapon(p1,"AK47")
t1.buy_weapon("B51")

print("P1:",p1.weapon)
print("T1:",t1.weapon)

 二、继承

class SchoolMember(object):
    def __init__(self,name,age,sex):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.sex = sex
    def enroll(self):
        print("SchoolMember%s is enrolled!" %self.name)

    def tell(self):
        print("My name is  %s" % self.name)

class Teacher(SchoolMember):
    def __init__(self,name,age,sex,course,salary):
        super(Teacher,self).__init__(name,age,sex)
        SchoolMember.__init__(self,name,age,sex)
        self.course = course
        self.salary =  salary

    def teaching(self):
        print("Teacher [%s] is teaching [%s]" %(self.name,self.course))

class Student(SchoolMember):
    def __init__(self,name,age,sex,course,tuition):
        super(Student,self).__init__(name,age,sex)
        self.course = course
        self.tuition = tuition

    def pay_tuition(self):
        print("Student [%s] paying tuition [%s]" %(self.name,self.tuition))

t1 = Teacher("John", 30, "Male", "C", 10000)
t2 = Teacher("Jonna", 25, "Female", "UI",15000)
s1 = Student("Jeff", 27, "Male", "PY", 10000)
s2 = Student("Alice", 28, "Male", "Java", 12000)

三、多态

多态性(polymorphisn)是允许你将父对象设置成为和一个或更多的他的子对象相等的技术,赋值之后,父对象就可以根据当前赋值给它的子对象的特性以不同的方式运作。简单的说,就是一句话:允许将子类类型的指针赋值给父类类型的指针。
那么,多态的作用是什么呢?我们知道,封装可以隐藏实现细节,使得代码模块化;继承可以扩展已存在的代码模块(类);它们的目的都是为了——代码重用。而多态则是为了实现另一个目的——接口重用!多态的作用,就是为了类在继承和派生的时候,保证使用“家谱”中任一类的实例的某一属性时的正确调用。

python本身不支持多态,以下是python模拟的多态:

class Animal:
    def __init__(self, name):    # Constructor of the class
        self.name = name
    def talk(self):              # Abstract method, defined by convention only
        raise NotImplementedError("Subclass must implement abstract method")

class Cat(Animal):
    def talk(self):
        return 'Meow!'

class Dog(Animal):
    def talk(self):
        return 'Woof! Woof!'

def animal_talk(obj):
    print(obj.talk())

c = Cat("Cat")
d = Dog("Dog")
animal_talk(c)
animal_talk(d)

'''
animals = [Cat('Missy'),
           Dog('Lassie')]

for animal in animals:
    print (animal.name + ': ' + animal.talk())
'''
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/luoye00/p/5247577.html