用例设计原则
- 文件名以test_*.py文件和*_test.py
- 以test_开头的函数
- 以Test开头的类
- 以test_开头的方法
- 所有的包pakege必须要有__init__.py文件
help帮助
1.查看pytest命令行参数，可以用pytest -h 或pytest --help查看
C:Usersadmin>pytest -h usage: pytest [options] [file_or_dir] [file_or_dir] [...] positional arguments: file_or_dir general: -k EXPRESSION only run tests which match the given substring expression. An expression is a python evaluatable expression where all names are substring-matched against test names and their parent classes. Example: -k 'test_method or test_other' matches all test functions and classes whose name contains 'test_method' or 'test_other', while -k 'not test_method' matches those that don't contain 'test_method' in their names. Additionally keywords are matched to classes and functions containing extra names in their 'extra_keyword_matches' set, as well as functions which have names assigned directly to them. -m MARKEXPR only run tests matching given mark expression. example: -m 'mark1 and not mark2'. --markers show markers (builtin, plugin and per-project ones). -x, --exitfirst exit instantly on first error or failed test reporting: -v, --verbose increase verbosity. -q, --quiet decrease verbosity. --verbosity=VERBOSE set verbosity
只贴了一部分按以下目录写用例
D:YOYO __init__.py test_class.py # content of test_class.py class TestClass: def test_one(self): x = "this" assert 'h' in x def test_two(self): x = "hello" assert hasattr(x, 'check') def test_three(self): a = "hello" b = "hello world" assert a in b test_sample.py # content of test_sample.py def func(x): return x +1 def test_answer(): assert func(3)==5
python -m
cmd执行pytest用例有三种方法,以下三种方法都可以，一般推荐第一个
-
pytest
-
py.test
-
python -m pytest
如果不带参数，在某个文件夹下执行时，它会查找该文件夹下所有的符合条件的用例（查看用例设计原则）
执行用例规则
1.执行某个目录下所有的用例
pytest 文件名/
2.执行某一个py文件下用例
pytest 脚本名称.py
3.-k 按关键字匹配
pytest -k "MyClass and not method"
这将运行包含与给定字符串表达式匹配的名称的测试，其中包括Python
使用文件名，类名和函数名作为变量的运算符。 上面的例子将运行
TestMyClass.test_something但不运行TestMyClass.test_method_simple
4.按节点运行
每个收集的测试都分配了一个唯一的nodeid，它由模块文件名和后跟说明符组成
来自参数化的类名，函数名和参数，由:: characters分隔。
运行.py模块里面的某个函数
pytest test_mod.py::test_func
运行.py模块里面,测试类里面的某个方法
pytest test_mod.py::TestClass::test_method
5.标记表达式
pytest -m slow
将运行用@ pytest.mark.slow装饰器修饰的所有测试。
6.从包里面运行
pytest --pyargs pkg.testing
这将导入pkg.testing并使用其文件系统位置来查找和运行测试。
-x 遇到错误时停止测试
pytest -x test_class.py
从运行结果可以看出，本来有3个用例，第二个用例失败后就没继续往下执行了
D:YOYO>pytest -x test_class.py ============================= test session starts ============================= platform win32 -- Python 3.6.0, pytest-3.6.3, py-1.5.4, pluggy-0.6.0 rootdir: D:YOYO, inifile: collected 3 items test_class.py .F ================================== FAILURES =================================== _____________________________ TestClass.test_two ______________________________ self = <YOYO.test_class.TestClass object at 0x0000000003A29780> def test_two(self): x = "hello" > assert hasattr(x, 'check') E AssertionError: assert False E + where False = hasattr('hello', 'check') test_class.py:11: AssertionError ===================== 1 failed, 1 passed in 0.05 seconds ======================
--maxfail=num
pytest --maxfail=1
当用例错误个数达到指定数量时，停止测试
D:YOYO>pytest --maxfail=1 ============================= test session starts ============================= platform win32 -- Python 3.6.0, pytest-3.6.3, py-1.5.4, pluggy-0.6.0 rootdir: D:YOYO, inifile: collected 4 items test_class.py .F ================================== FAILURES =================================== _____________________________ TestClass.test_two ______________________________ self = <YOYO.test_class.TestClass object at 0x0000000003A3D080> def test_two(self): x = "hello" > assert hasattr(x, 'check') E AssertionError: assert False E + where False = hasattr('hello', 'check') test_class.py:11: AssertionError ===================== 1 failed, 1 passed in 0.06 seconds ======================