[心平气和读经典]The TCP/IP Guide(004)

The TCP/IP Guide

[Page 44, 45, 46]

Structure and Organization of The TCP/IP Guide | TCP/IP指南的组织结构



You may have already noticed that the TCP/IP Guide is organized in a way that is very different from most books. I believe this structure will help you not only find the information you need easily, it will even assist you in understanding the content. However, because it is unorthodox, I want to take a few moments to explain what I have done and why.
你可能已经注意到TCP/IP指南的组织方式跟很多别的书都有所不同。 我相信这一组织结构不但能够帮助你很容易地找到你所需要的信息,而且可以帮助你理解内容本身。然而,由于这一结构安排是反传统的,所以我想多说几句,解释一下我做了什么和为什么这么做。

In reviewing other networking books and materials before I wrote this Guide, I was consistently disappointed -- not in the descriptions of the various subjects, but in the way they were organized. Invariably, these resources would cover a lot of material, but it would be presented as a poorly-structured set of seemingly unrelated chapters -- "subject salad" as I sometimes call it. A typical networking book would have dozens of little chapters cobbled together and presented almost as if they were independent of each other. The reader had to figure out how they all connected, and also had to wade through several repeated descriptions of similar concepts, due to aspects that were common between certain technologies. This was all exacerbated by the inability to hyperlink between related topics in a print book.
在我写本指南之前,我阅读了其他的网络书籍和材料,总是感到失望。 -- 我对各种主题的描述并不失望,但是对材料的组织方式感到失望。 总的来说,这些素材涵盖了很多材料,但是作为一个结构不合理的看似不相关的章节出现,我有时称呼之为"主题沙拉"。一本典型的网络书籍将很多小的章节拼凑在一起,仿佛它们是独立存在的。读者必须弄清楚它们是如何联系在一起的,同时也必须仔细研究几个具有相似性的概念的重复描述,因为某些技术之间存在着共性。印刷书籍中相关主题之间没有超链接,这一切都使得阅读变得更加困难。

TCP/IP is a complex topic largely because so many of the concepts and technologies are closely related. TCP/IP as a whole consists of a number of defining concepts and a large number of individual protocols, many of which interact in a specific way. Many of those protocols in turn consist of either subprotocols or descriptive elements that are related to each other in a particular fashion. For example, you can't easily describe IP datagram formatting without making reference to IP addressing, which in turn is related to IP routing, which is of course related to IP routing protocols, and so forth.
TCP/IP是一个复杂的话题,因为很多概念和技术都密切相关。TCP/IP作为一个整体包含了许多概念定义和大量的独立的协议,其中很多协议以特定的方式进行交互。反过来,这些协议包括很多子协议或以特殊方式彼此相关的描述性的元素。例如,不可能简单地描述IP数据报格式而不涉及IP地址,IP地址又与IP路由有关,而IP路由当然又与IP路由协议有关,等等。

For this reason, I didn't want to just make this book consist of several dozen chapters slapped together as peers and leave you to figure out how they fit together. So, I spent several weeks just trying to come up with a way to describe TCP/IP technologies in a coherent, organized way that made sense. My primary goal was to come up with a structure that would clearly show how all the various protocols, concepts and technologies were interrelated, to help you understand the subject as a whole, and not just as a collection of parts.
由于这一原因,我不想让这本书由几十个章节拼凑而成,让读者自己去弄清楚它们是如何组合在一起的。因此,我花了几个星期的时间,试图找到一种方法来描述TCP/IP技术,用一种连贯的有组织性的方式。我的主要目标是提出一种结构,它将清楚地显示所有各种协议、概念和技术是如何相互关联的,以帮助读者理解整个主题,而不仅仅是作为一个各种杂乱的组成部分的集合。

The result of this effort is that rather than using a set of dozens of chapters all at the same level, this Guide uses a hierarchical structure with many levels. The Guide contains several sections on various high-level subjects, which we will explore in a moment. Most of these contain subsections that describe components or more detailed elements within the higher-level subject. These in turn can contain their own subsections and so on, possibly going down several layers in detail.
这一努力的结果是,该指南使用了多层次的分层结构,而不是在同一层级部署几十个章节。该指南包含了几个关于高级主题的章节,我们将随后进行探讨。其中,大部分高级主题中包含了子主题,用以描述组件或更详细的子单元。反过来这些又可以包含它们自己的小节,可能会详细地分为好几层。

The Guide is formatted so that each section header and section starts at the top of a page. This facilitates printing small sections of information (for use as handouts in a classroom setting, for example) and also helps make navigating using hyperlinks easier. A special horizontal divider graphic is used to clearly mark the end of each section.
本指南被格式化以致于每一节的页眉及对应的章节都在页面顶部开始。这有助于打印一小部分信息(例如:在教学设置中用作讲义),也有助于在使用超级链接的导航时更容易。在每一节结束的时候用一个特殊的水平分隔图来清楚地标记。

Another organizational feature of this Guide is that I have made extensive use of overview topics. Most sections that include multiple individual topics begin with an overview topic that provides a high-level look at the contents of that section. These serve two purposes. First, they introduce the subject and provide a context for understanding the detailed discussions that follow it, for those who want to read about the protocol or technology in detail. Second, they serve as a "short cut" for those who do not wish to read an entire section. Some large sections containing subsections will have an overview for the section as a whole, and an overview for some of the subsections as well. This is by design, to provide you with flexibility in choosing what you want to read.
本指南的另一个组织特色是我广泛地使用了概述主题。包含多个单独主题的大多数章节都从一个概述主题开始,该主题提供了对该部分内容的概要介绍。这服务于两个目标。首先,对于那些想详细阅读协议或技术的人来说,这做了一个主题介绍,并为理解后面的详细讨论提供了上下文。其次,对于那些不想阅读整个章节的人来说,这提供了一条阅读的"捷径"。一些包含多个小节的大段落将作为整个部分的概述,以及一些对各个小节的概述。通过这种设计,可以为读者提供灵活的阅读选择。

Some of you might find that this all of this takes a bit of getting used to, but it has advantages compared to a "flat" set of chapters. The hierarchical structure itself helps you understand how the many protocols, concepts and other bits and pieces of TCP/IP fit together. It shows you what aspects of TCP/IP are closely and more distantly related. The hierarchy and the use of overview topics allows you to explore a particular subject of interest in the manner you choose, by enabling you to easily choose some subsections to delve into while skipping others that you may already understand or simply not wish to know.
某些读者可能会发现,这一切都需要一点时间去适应,但是比起一套"扁平"的章节组织结构,这有它的优势。层次结构本身可以帮助您理解TCP/IP的许多协议、概念和如何与其他部分组合在一起的。它向您展示了TCP/IP的哪些方面是更为紧密相关的。层次结构和概述主题的使用使读者可以探索感兴趣的特定主题,可以轻松地选择一些小节进行深入研究,同时跳过可能已经了解或根本不想知道的其他部分。

So, where to begin in exploring this large Guide? Well, you can just read the entire thing from cover to cover, but most people lack the time and patience to do that! The key to taking advantage of this Guide's hierarchical structure is to make use of the nested bookmarks that should appear on the left side of your Adobe PDF reader. These let you clearly see the structure of each part of the Guide and let you instantly jump to any topic of interest. The next two topics describe in more detail features of the Guide and how to optimize your use of Adobe Acrobat Reader.
那么,从哪里开始探索这个大型指南呢?嗯,你可以一页一页地阅读整本书,但是大多数人都没有时间和耐心去这样做!利用这个指南的层次结构的关键是利用在您的Adobe PDF阅读器左侧出现的嵌套书签。这些书签让你清楚地看到了指南的每一部分的结构,可以立即跳转到任何感兴趣的话题。接下来的两个主题将描述更多的细节特性以及如何优化使用Adobe Acrobat Reader。

Chapters of the TCP/IP Guide | TCP/IP指南的章节安排

Due to the hierarchical structure just described, there are only six "top-level" sections in this Guide, which I sometimes called chapters. You will probably find that it usually makes the most sense to begin with these higher-level sections and work your way down to the more detailed topics they contain. Here is a brief description of each, to get you started:
由于刚刚描述的层次结构,在本指南中只有六个"顶级"组成部分,有时称之为章节。您可能会发现,从更高级别的部分出发一直漫步到更详细的主题,这种方式通常是最有效的。为了帮助您开启您的阅读里程,简短描述如下:

  • Introduction and "Guide To The Guide": You'r reading it! :-)
    概述和"Guide to the Guide": 您正在阅读!
  • Networking Fundamentals: This is a background chapter that provides lots of useful general information on networks for those who may be very new to the entire subject. It has subsections that explain what networking is, discuss key networking characteristics, describe networking standards, provide information on binary mathematics and much more. If you are experienced with networks and computers in general you may wish to skip this (or at least, skim it and only read the topics that interest you).
    网络基础: 这是一个有关背景介绍的章节,为那些对整个网络学科来说都感到很陌生的人提供大量有用的网络信息。有一些小节来解释什么是网络,讨论关键的网络特性,描述网络标准和提供二进制数学的信息等等。如果您对网络和计算机有丰富的经验,不妨跳过这个(或者至少略读一下,只读您感兴趣的话题)。
  • The Open System Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model: A description of the important OSI Reference Model, which is used extensively to explain networking architectures and protocol layering concepts. Unless you already know and understand the OSI model, this section is worth reading before getting into the "meat" of the Guide.
    开放系统互连(OSI)参考模型: 描述OSI参考模型,该模型很重要,被广泛用于解释网络体系结构和协议分层的概念。除非您已经了解并理解OSI模型,否则在进入本指南的实际内容之前,这一部分十分值得阅读一下。
  • TCP/IP Protocol Suite and Architecture: This is the first section that is specifically about TCP/IP; it introduces the protocol suite and discusses it in general terms. This includes a look at its history, a description of the TCP/IP architectural model and an overview of key protocols. It should be the place to start reading about TCP/IP for virtually everyone using this Guide, as it provides necessary background information and a context for understanding the more detailed chapters below.
    TCP/IP协议套件和体系结构: 第一个专门介绍TCP/IP的部分;它介绍了协议套件,并对其进行了一般性的讨论。包括历史回顾、对TCP/IP体系结构模型的描述和关键协议的概述。它应该是几乎所有使用这个指南的人开始阅读TCP/IP的地方,因为它提供了必要的背景信息和理解下面更详细章节的上下文。
  • TCP/IP Lower-Layer (Interface, Internet and Transport) Protocols (OSI Layers 2, 3 and 4): This large chapter describes all of the TCP/IP protocols that operate at layers 2 through 4 of the OSI model, and is organized by layer for easier reference by function. This chapter encompasses about half the entire Guide; it includes all of the most important "core" TCP/IP protocols, including IP, IPv6, ICMP, UDP, TCP and much more.
    TCP/IP底层(接口、因特网和传输)协议(OSI第2, 3层和第4层): 这一大章描述了OSI模型的第2层到第4层的所有TCP/IP协议,并通过层级结构组织起来,以便于功能引用。本章涵盖了整个指南的一半内容,包含了所有最重要的核心的TCP/IP协议,包括IP、IPv6、ICMP、UDP、TCP等等。
  • TCP/IP Application Layer Protocols, Services and Applications (OSI Layers 5, 6 and 7): This chapter is also very large, as it covers all the TCP/IP application protocols and services that correspond to the upper three layers of the OSI Reference Model. This includes protocols such as DNS, DHCP, SNMP, FTP and HTTP, as well as applications such as electronic mail, the World Wide Web and diagnostic utilities.
    TCP/IP应用层协议、服务和应用程序(OSI第5、6层和第7层): 这一章也非常庞大,因为它涵盖了所有与OSI参考模型的上三层对应的TCP/IP应用程序协议和服务。这包括诸如DNS、DHCP、SNMP、FTP和HTTP等协议,以及诸如电子邮件、万维网和诊断工具等应用程序。

As you can see, most of this Guide is actually contained in the last two chapters, since TCP/IP is primarily defined by the functions of its various protocols.
正如您所看到的,本指南实际上包含在最后两章中,因为TCP/IP主要是各种协议的功能所定义的。

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/idorax/p/7710945.html