TE Tunnel Lab
1、底层、IGP ospf 100、LDP协议的运行
2、MPLS TE功能的开启
r1(config)#ip cef
r1(config)#mpls traffic-eng tunnels
r1(config-if)#int e0/0.12 （确保所有接口都要开启TE功能）
r1(config-subif)#mpls traffic-eng tunnels
r1#show mpls traffic-eng tunnels summary（检查全局TE是否开启）
r1#show mpls traffic-eng tunnels summary
Signalling Summary:
LSP Tunnels Process: not running, disabled
Passive LSP Listener: not registered with RSVP
RSVP Process: not running
Forwarding: disabled
Head: 0 interfaces, 0 active signalling attempts, 0 established
0 activations, 0 deactivations
0 SSO recovery attempts, 0 SSO recovered
Midpoints: 0, Tails: 0
Periodic reoptimization: every 3600 seconds, next in 0 seconds
Periodic FRR Promotion: Not Running
Periodic auto-bw collection: every 300 seconds, next in 0 seconds
r1#show mpls interfaces（查看接口模式下是否开启TE功能）
r1#show mpls interfaces
Interface IP Tunnel BGP Static Operational
Ethernet0/0.12 Yes (ldp) Yes No No Yes
3、MPLS TE 的 CBR配置（相当于升级 OSPF 协议，增加了 LSA）
r1(config)#router ospf 100
r1(config-router)#mpls traffic-eng router-id loopback 0
r1(config-router)#mpls traffic-eng area 0
r1#show mpls traffic-eng topology
r1#show mpls traffic-eng topology
My_System_id: 1.1.1.1 (ospf 100 area 0)
Signalling error holddown: 10 sec Global Link Generation 6
IGP Id: 1.1.1.1, MPLS TE Id:1.1.1.1 Router Node (ospf 100 area 0)
link[0]: Broadcast, DR: 12.1.1.2, nbr_node_id:2, gen:6
frag_id 12, Intf Address:12.1.1.1
TE metric:10, IGP metric:10, attribute flags:0x0
SRLGs: None
physical_bw: 10000 (kbps), max_reservable_bw_global: 0 (kbps)
max_reservable_bw_sub: 0 (kbps)
Global Pool Sub Pool
Total Allocated Reservable Reservable
BW (kbps) BW (kbps) BW (kbps)
--------------- ----------- ----------
bw[0]: 0 0 0
bw[1]: 0 0 0
bw[2]: 0 0 0
bw[3]: 0 0 0
bw[4]: 0 0 0
bw[5]: 0 0 0
bw[6]: 0 0 0
--More--
r1#show ip ospf
Routing Process "ospf 100" with ID 1.1.1.1
Start time: 00:58:21.352, Time elapsed: 00:12:18.104
Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes
Supports opaque LSA
Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
Supports area transit capability
Event-log enabled, Maximum number of events: 1000, Mode: cyclic
Router is not originating router-LSAs with maximum metric
Initial SPF schedule delay 5000 msecs
Minimum hold time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs
Maximum wait time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs
Incremental-SPF disabled
Minimum LSA interval 5 secs
Minimum LSA arrival 1000 msecs
LSA group pacing timer 240 secs
Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs
Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs
Number of external LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
Number of DCbitless external and opaque AS LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge external and opaque AS LSA 0
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Number of areas transit capable is 0
External flood list length 0
IETF NSF helper support enabled
Cisco NSF helper support enabled
Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps
Area BACKBONE(0)
Number of interfaces in this area is 2 (1 loopback)
Area has RRR enabled
Area has no authentication
SPF algorithm last executed 00:02:42.712 ago
SPF algorithm executed 8 times
Area ranges are
Number of LSA 16. Checksum Sum 0x07F300
Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
Number of DCbitless LSA 0
Number of indication LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
Flood list length 0
4、MPLS TE的RSVP开启
r1(config)#int e0/0
r1(config-if)#fair-queue （强行让接口变成WFQ）
r1(config-if)#int e0/0.12
r1(config-subif)#ip rsvp bandwidth 1000（相当于预留1M）
r1#show ip rsvp interface
r1#show ip rsvp interface
interface rsvp allocated i/f max flow max sub max
Et0/0 ena 0 0 0 0
Et0/0.12 ena 0 1M 1M 0
5、首端路由器R1 TE tunnel的建立
r1(config)#interface tunnel 14
r1(config-if)#ip unnumbered loopback 0 （借用 loopback 0 来作为转发地址）
r1(config-if)#tunnel destination 4.4.4.4
r1(config-if)#tunnel mode mpls traffic-eng （默认 tunnel 的模式是 GRE）
r1(config-if)#tunnel mpls traffic-eng bandwidth 500（建立 0.5M 的 tunnel 接口，小于预留 1M 合理）
r1(config-if)#tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 10 explicit name T4（静态选路）
r1(config-if)#tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 10 dynamic （动态选路）
r1(config-if)#tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 20 explicit name XX（建立冗余链路 / 可选）
r1(config)#ip explicit-path name T4 enable （默认是自动开启的，推荐使用 enable 关键字）
r1(cfg-ip-expl-path)#next-address 12.1.1.2
r1(cfg-ip-expl-path)#next-address 26.1.1.6
r1(cfg-ip-expl-path)#next-address 36.1.1.3
r1(cfg-ip-expl-path)#next-address 34.1.1.4
r1#show ip explicit-paths
PATH T4 (strict source route, path complete, generation 6)
1: next-address 12.1.1.2
2: next-address 26.1.1.6
3: next-address 36.1.1.3
4: next-address 34.1.1.4
r2#show ip explicit-paths name T4（查看配置的显式路径）
r2(cfg-ip-expl-path)#no index ? （删除某一跳路径）
<1-65535> Entry index number
r1(config)#ip route 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255 tunnel 14
r1(config)#router ospf 100
r1(config-router)#net 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 a 0 （使得 r4 拥有1.1.1.1路由，通过 FIB 对数据包进行回复）
r1#traceroute 4.4.4.4 source 1.1.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 4.4.4.4
1 12.1.1.2 [MPLS: Label 2001 Exp 0] 8 msec 16 msec 12 msec
2 26.1.1.6 [MPLS: Label 6009 Exp 0] 12 msec 12 msec 8 msec
3 36.1.1.3 [MPLS: Label 3008 Exp 0] 12 msec 12 msec 8 msec
4 34.1.1.4 12 msec * 8 msec
6、TE tunnel 不需要 LDP 分配其标签（确认 TE 走的是 IP 还是 Label）
r1#show mpls traffic-eng tunnels tunnels 14
r1#show mpls traffic-eng tunnels tunnel 14
Name: r1_t14 (Tunnel14) Destination: 4.4.4.4
Status:
Admin: up Oper: up Path: valid Signalling: connected
path option 10, type explicit T4 (Basis for Setup, path weight 40)
Config Parameters:
Band 500 kbps (Global) Priority: 7 7 Affinity: 0x0/0xFFFF
Metric Type: TE (default)
AutoRoute: disabled LockDown: disabled Loadshare: 500 bw-based
auto-bw: disabled
Active Path Option Parameters:
State: explicit path option 10 is active
BandwidthOverride: disabled LockDown: disabled Verbatim: disabled
InLabel : -
OutLabel : Ethernet0/0.12, 2001
RSVP Signalling Info:
Src 1.1.1.1, Dst 4.4.4.4, Tun_Id 14, Tun_Instance 6
RSVP Path Info:
My Address: 12.1.1.1
Explicit Route: 12.1.1.2 26.1.1.2 26.1.1.6 36.1.1.6
36.1.1.3 34.1.1.3 34.1.1.4 4.4.4.4
Record Route: NONE
Tspec: ave rate=500 kbits, burst=1000 bytes, peak rate=500 kbits
RSVP Resv Info:
Record Route: NONE
Fspec: ave rate=500 kbits, burst=1000 bytes, peak rate=500 kbits
Shortest Unconstrained Path Info:
Path Weight: 30 (TE)
Explicit Route: 12.1.1.1 12.1.1.2 23.1.1.2 23.1.1.3
34.1.1.3 34.1.1.4 4.4.4.4
History:
Tunnel:
Time since created: 14 minutes, 37 seconds
Time since path change: 12 minutes, 32 seconds
Number of LSP IDs (Tun_Instances) used: 6
Current LSP:
Uptime: 12 minutes, 32 seconds
Selection: reoptimization
Prior LSP:
ID: path option 10 [5]
Removal Trigger: configuration changed
r2#show mpls forwarding-table
r2#show mpls forwarding-table
Local Outgoing Prefix Bytes Label Outgoing Next Hop
Label Label or Tunnel Id Switched interface
2004 Pop Label 1.1.1.1/32 1822 Et0/0.12 12.1.1.1
2005 6003 1.1.1.1 14 [14] 576 Et0/0.26 26.1.1.6
2006 Pop Label 6.6.6.6/32 0 Et0/0.26 26.1.1.6
2007 Pop Label 5.5.5.5/32 0 Et0/0.25 25.1.1.5
2008 Pop Label 3.3.3.3/32 0 Et0/0.23 23.1.1.3
2009 Pop Label 34.1.1.0/24 0 Et0/0.23 23.1.1.3
2010 Pop Label 56.1.1.0/24 0 Et0/0.25 25.1.1.5
Pop Label 56.1.1.0/24 0 Et0/0.26 26.1.1.6
2011 Pop Label 35.1.1.0/24 0 Et0/0.23 23.1.1.3
Pop Label 35.1.1.0/24 0 Et0/0.25 25.1.1.5
2012 Pop Label 36.1.1.0/24 0 Et0/0.23 23.1.1.3
Pop Label 36.1.1.0/24 0 Et0/0.26 26.1.1.6
标亮部分指的是 tunnel-ID 而不是具体的下一跳目的前缀
总结：
MPLS TE 在网络中实验网络规划是以 Tunnel 的方式实现
MPLS TE tunnel 是单向隧道（所以只需要单方向 r1 指向 r4 即可）
MPLS TE tunnel 的目的地址指向的是一个节点而不是一个接口 IP 地址（Tunnel 的目的地址一定是网络中某个路由器的 TE Router-ID）
MPLS TE tunnel 的资源消耗指的是 tunnel 经过的出方向物理接口资源
由于存在 RSVP，所以 LDP 是不需要分配 Label，可以使用该命令验证：r1(config)#no mpls ip